Heating pumps installation diagram. Water pump for heating: consider water pumps for heating a private house. The best inexpensive pumps for heating systems

Drilling

The movement of coolant in heating systems with natural circulation is determined by the difference in density of heated and cooled liquids. The operation of heating circuits with forced movement of the thermal agent is ensured by a circulation pump. This unit solves the problem of uniform heat distribution throughout the house, so its installation is recommended in a gravity heating system, since its connection increases efficiency and efficiency. The performance and thermal efficiency of the heating branches depends on how correctly the circulation pump is selected and installed, so it is important to follow the recommendations of the equipment manufacturer and adhere to the installation rules.

Advantages of heating systems with forced circulation of coolant

Correct installation of a circulation pump in a heating system has many nuances

The use of circulation pumps in heating systems of any type provides comfortable heat, regardless of the number of floors and size of the home. This heat supply scheme has a number of advantages compared to the gravity-type model:

cost savings when installing heating associated with the possibility of using inexpensive polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes of smaller diameter;
uniform heating of all circuits and components of the heating system helps to increase the service life of the equipment;
reducing the thermal inertia of the system;
the ability to quickly change the temperature both in all heating branches and in individual areas;
reduction of energy costs.

The disadvantages of forced circulation of the coolant include noise from the operating unit, additional energy costs, as well as the inoperability of the heating system when the power supply is turned off.

Criteria for choosing a circulation pump

Correct selection of a pump (vertical, block, etc.) implies that its technical characteristics match the required pressure and performance. The first parameter affects the strength of the coolant flow, and, therefore, whether the liquid can overcome the hydraulic resistance in the heating circuits. The second indicator determines how much coolant can flow into the main line per unit of time, which affects the total power of the heating system. Choosing a circulation unit “at random” is not allowed, since a low-power pump will not pump the coolant in the required volume, and an overly strong motor increases wear on the equipment and increases the noise of the system. You can learn about all the nuances of choosing pumping equipment and the methodology for calculating its technical parameters.

How to install it yourself

Experts distinguish between two heating schemes with forced circulation of the thermal agent - one-pipe and two-pipe. The choice of one or another option determines not only the principle of circuit routing, but also the length of the pipelines, as well as the type and quantity of shut-off, regulating and monitoring equipment.

Diagram of a single-pipe system with a circulation pump

A single-pipe heating system is characterized by the sequential inclusion of heating radiators in the circuit. The coolant returns through a separate pipeline to the boiler only after it has passed through all the devices of the heating system in turn. The disadvantage of this method is that the radiators closest to the heating unit warm up more than those further away, and this reduces the thermal efficiency and service life of the equipment. By introducing a circulation pump into the circuit, the temperature is equalized at all points of the system.

Scheme of a two-pipe heating system

Two-pipe wiring has advantages over single-pipe wiring, since all heating devices are connected to the supply and return lines in parallel, which promotes uniform temperature distribution throughout all rooms. By using forced circulation of the coolant, we achieve an increase in the efficiency of the heating system and the ability to adjust its thermal power.

Determining the location of the pump insertion into the pipeline

In autonomous heating systems, sealed-type circulation pumps with a “wet” rotor are most often installed. The design features of such units allow them to operate without additional lubrication, since its role is played by the coolant. It also provides cooling for the running electric motor of the pump. Thanks to the operation of the pump rotor in a wet environment, there is no need for additional sealing, which contributes to high reliability and long service life of the units.

The pump's design with a wet rotor ensures its reliability and durability.

The design features of the circulation pumps of the first models forced the installation of equipment on the return branch of the main line, since it was believed that cooled water increases the service life of the devices. Modern units are made from heat-resistant materials, so installation is carried out both on the supply pipeline and on the return line.

Where to install pumping equipment? Manufacturers recommend doing this in the supply area near the expansion tank connection point. This increases the suction pressure and improves the heat transfer of the equipment. When deciding on such an installation scheme, you must make sure of the required thermal resistance of the selected pump. Otherwise, the device is mounted on the return section of the circuit, next to the heating boiler. The same option is recommended when installing a circulation pump when operating in conjunction with a solid fuel unit.

Equipment installation requirements

In a system with a circulation pump, a closed expansion tank must be installed

For long-term and reliable operation of the forced coolant supply system, it is necessary to correctly install the circulation pump and its piping elements.

An expansion tank must be installed in the system, which is connected to the return pipeline.
In order to prevent the formation of air pockets inside the pump, its motor shaft must be positioned in a horizontal plane. Otherwise, cooling and lubrication of the moving parts of the unit may deteriorate, as a result of which it may fail.
It is imperative to install a coarse filter in front of the pump. Its use helps to increase the service life of equipment by filtering the coolant from abrasive particles that inevitably appear during operation of the heating system.

When installing a mud filter with your own hands, be sure to observe the direction of movement of the liquid. It is recommended to install the protective element with the plug facing down. This way it will not create additional resistance to the movement of the coolant, and in addition, it will be easier to clean it from dirt.

The use of a coarse filter will save the pump blades from premature wear

Features of installing a pump in a system with natural coolant circulation

In order to ensure the operation of the heating during a power outage, it is necessary to create a minimum hydraulic resistance in all sections of the circuit. The normal movement of the thermal agent is hampered by any turns and height differences in the pipeline, the resistance of shut-off equipment and a decrease in the cross-section of the pipeline. Therefore, when installing the circulation pump, the following requirements are observed:

the insertion is performed without opening the main circuit, in parallel to it. The required pipeline diameter must be at least 32 mm, and the cross-section of the pipes for connecting the pump must be a quarter smaller;
Shut-off valves are installed before and after the pump so that if the equipment malfunctions, it can be dismantled without the need to discharge the coolant;
In the area between the pump taps, a ball valve is mounted, which is closed during the forced supply of coolant. Otherwise, it will circulate in a small circle between the pump insertion points.

Correct placement of the circulation pump piping elements

A check valve installed instead of a ball valve will help automate the switching process in the absence of electricity. The so-called bypass will be closed until the pump turns off and the pressure in front of the valve does not exceed the force of the operating spring.

The disadvantage of spring check valves is the additional resistance to fluid flow, so the best solution would be to install a ball-type device.

By installing a check valve you can automate the bypass operation

Installation and connection instructions

To install the circulation unit correctly, it is necessary to follow a number of rules and strictly follow the sequence of operations.

At the very first stage, bypass sections are inserted to connect the pump. In the future, this will make it possible not to overheat the plastic inserts of the ball valves during welding work.
On the section of the main pipeline between the tie-ins, a bypass is installed, equipped with a ball valve or check valve.
Shut-off valves are installed on the bypass main.
A coarse filter is installed.
The upper part of the bypass is equipped with an automatic air valve or Mayevsky tap.
In accordance with the direction of movement of the coolant, a circulation pump is installed. The rotor of a “wet” unit is mounted strictly horizontally, with the contacts in its terminal box facing upward.
The pump is connected to the electrical network through a separate outlet with grounding.

Bypass assembly

All threaded connections must be sealed. The best material is plumbing linen and a special paste, which allow you to accurately set the relative position of the parts without the risk of leaks in the future.

The industry produces ready-made kits for installing circulation pumps, including parts of pipelines, shut-off and connecting elements.

How to start the pump

Before starting the circulation pump after a long period of inactivity, it is necessary to remove air from its working cavity

After installing the equipment, the heating system is filled with water, and then the boiler is turned on. To remove air from the working cavity of the pump, it is necessary to unscrew the plug located on the front cover of its housing. The complete “de-airing” of the unit is indicated by the flow of liquid without bubbles. Additionally, it is necessary to remove air pockets from all areas of the system. And only after this can the supply voltage be applied.

It is possible that after a long period of inactivity the pump will not be able to start on its own. In this case, unscrew the protective plug and use a flat blade screwdriver to turn the rotor shaft of the unit, for which a special slot is made on the end surface of the part. After the pump has been running for five minutes, the air removal process is repeated.

Please note that the “de-airing” procedure is carried out every time after a long period of equipment downtime.

You can avoid the harmful effects of air locks by installing equipment equipped with an automatic system for protecting and monitoring its operation.

Installation of a circulation pump (video)

By installing a centrifugal pump, you can increase the efficiency and improve the efficiency of the heating system. In addition, it becomes possible to accurately distribute thermal energy between all rooms, which creates a cozy atmosphere in the house.

Today you rarely see a home heating system built according to the classical gravitational scheme. Almost everywhere a circulation pump is used for heating. This device is useful and functional, but reduces the overall precision requirements for piping network design. At the same time, without a forced circulation source, it is impossible to operate such high-tech heating systems in a private house or apartment, such as heated floors.

Circulation pump design - implementation of a standard scheme centrifugal machine. The main structural components include:

pump housing;
a rotor that transmits rotation from the engine shaft to the turbine block;
turbine impeller with inclined blades, which is also called an impeller;
means of sealing, insulation from water or coolant;
the main electrical circuit that switches operating modes and monitors engine parameters.

Circulation pumps can have different body shapes and locations of outlet and inlet pipes. This is done so that the device can be easily installed and maintained under the operating conditions for which it was designed. In particular, the selection of a pump can be made according to the type of connection: with a flange, a threaded connection, or a nut.

The circulation pump has small dimensions. It is often built directly into the internal cavity of the housing of domestic gas heating boilers. Safety devices can be installed with the pump. The small size of the blower is easy to understand if you consider the purpose of circulation pumps. They do not require record liquid supply power. In fact, they literally move water horizontally.

The task of circulation pumps is to overcome the hydraulic resistance of pipelines. If a collector group of a warm floor is considered, the blower is busy creating a flow of very small volume as such, since no significant gravitational forces exist in a heating circuit of this type.

The principle of operation of the circulation pump can be illustrated by several points.

The coolant enters the inlet pipe.
When the engine is turned on, the rotational torque is transmitted through the rotor to the turbine wheel.
Rotating, the wheel moves water with inclined blades, which moves to the edge of the disk under the influence of mechanics (distribution of forces along an inclined plane), as well as due to centrifugal force.
As you approach the edge of the disk, the speed of the water flow increases, as does its pressure.
The liquid is discharged into the outlet pipe.

As the water or coolant moves to the edge of the turbine wheel, a vacuum arises in the inlet pipe; it captures a new portion of the working fluid for transportation.

Important! The circulation pump of a gas or solid fuel boiler is capable of effectively servicing a certain length of pipelines, pumping the volume of coolant stated in the characteristics. If greater performance and pressure are required, it is not necessary to buy a separate, external supercharger. An additional pump can be installed in the system, which will create the necessary flow or help raise water to the second floor. The same is done when building a distributed, zoned floor heating system.

Both a conventional home heating system and a dual pump heating system can use different types of blowers. The main difference between the models offered on the market is the engineering solution of the rotor-turbine zone.

Glandless Rotor Pumps

Glandless circulation pumps - the most common type of supercharger for the heating system of a private house or apartment. The devices are so named due to the fact that the operation of the units occurs directly in the coolant.

The rotor is placed in a special glass with sealing or vortex protection against leaks.
During operation, rotor parts, including plain bearings, are in water or coolant.
Continuous lubrication and cooling of structural parts occurs.

Thanks to these operating features, wet systems are stable, maintenance-free, low noise.

To prevent air from entering the rotor area, the pump is equipped with exhaust outlets. The upper one is designed for operation of the automated system, and gas is released through the one located in the front part of the housing during commissioning operations or adjustments.

Important! Operating a pump with a wet rotor when air gets into the pipelines causes sharply increasing wear of moving parts, overheating, jamming or irreparable damage to equipment. The presence of abrasive particles in the coolant is not recommended. Therefore, a glandless water pump should only be installed in a closed heating system.

Dry rotor pumps

The pump with a dry rotor is designed with careful isolation of the turbine block from leaks. The system has a number of advantages and disadvantages.

The advantage of dry systems is better cooling - most components do not come into contact with hot coolant in the heating system.
Dry pumps are noisier.
The overall level of reliability of pumps with a dry rotor is lower due to the larger number of seals and lack of constant lubrication.

However, the main advantage of dry-type superchargers is that they are not afraid of airing. They are also less bothered by the abrasive suspension in the water - only the turbine suffers from it, which has a much higher failure life than the rotor unit with its plain bearings. Therefore, such blowers should be chosen if an open heating system with a circulation pump is being built.

Advice! The danger of an open heating system for a circular pump is the likelihood of airing, hydraulic surges and the formation of an abrasive suspension in the coolant. Due to contact with air, water is constantly saturated with oxygen, oxidation processes are accelerated, especially if steel pipes or heating radiators are used. The amount of rust in the coolant increases. In such conditions, the use of a pump with a dry rotor is recommended.

Variable Speed Pumps

The speed of the pump in a heating system plays a big role. By changing it you can achieve:

optimal operating mode of heating equipment;
stabilizing the temperature of all radiators, regardless of their distance from the boiler;
reducing the temperature of the coolant while maintaining constant heating efficiency, since with a higher circulation rate the water loses less energy in each pass.

Today, various technical pump solutions are available on the market. Home heating can use a single-speed model, the performance of which must be selected in accordance with the characteristics of the boiler and the total volume of coolant. Offered two, three, four-speed models. Their work is based on changing the switching circuit of the motor's pole pairs.

A more technologically advanced, but also significantly expensive solution is frequency control. This type of pump does not provide stepwise switching, but smooth speed control. This allows you to very finely tune the operation of the heating circuit.

The use of circulation pumps in home heating

Since some features of the operation of water circulation pumps in various heating schemes have already been mentioned above, we should touch upon the main features of their organization in more detail. It is worth noting that in any case, the supercharger is installed on the return pipe; if home heating involves raising the liquid to the second floor, another instance of the supercharger is installed there.

Closed system

The most important feature of a closed heating system is sealing. Here:

the coolant does not come into contact with the air in the room;
inside the sealed pipeline system the pressure is higher than atmospheric;
The expansion tank is built according to the hydraulic compensator circuit, with a membrane and an air area that creates back pressure and compensates for the expansion of the coolant when heated.

On a note! For a closed circuit, you can make an expansion tank with your own hands. Its capacity is calculated using simple formulas and depends on the total volume of water in the system.

There are many advantages to a closed heating system. This includes the ability to desalt the coolant to ensure zero sediment and scale on the boiler heat exchanger, and to fill in antifreeze to prevent freezing, and the ability to use a wide range of compounds and substances to transfer heat, from an aqueous-alcohol solution to machine oil.

The diagram of a closed heating system with a single-pipe and two-pipe type pump is as follows:

When installing Mayevsky nuts on heating radiators, the circuit adjustment is improved; a separate air exhaust system and fuses in front of the circulation pump are not needed.

Important! A closed heating system, built without tilting the pipes or maintaining the level of the main coolant flow lines, does not work without a circulation pump. It also does not function when the power is turned off.

Open heating system

The external characteristics of an open system are similar to a closed one: the same pipelines, heating radiators, expansion tank. But there are fundamental differences in the mechanics of work.

The main driving force of the coolant is gravitational. The heated water rises up the accelerating pipe; to increase circulation, it is recommended to make it as long as possible.
The supply and return pipes are placed at an angle.
Expansion tank - open type. In it, the coolant comes into contact with air.
The pressure inside an open heating system is equal to atmospheric pressure.
The circulation pump installed on the return flow acts as a circulation amplifier. Its task is also to compensate for the shortcomings of the pipeline system: excessive hydraulic resistance due to excessive joints and turns, violation of inclination angles, etc.

An open heating system requires maintenance, in particular, constant topping up of coolant to compensate for evaporation from the open tank. Also, corrosion processes are constantly occurring in the network of pipelines and radiators, due to which the water is saturated with abrasive particles, and it is recommended to install circulation pump with dry rotor.

The diagram of an open heating system looks like this:

An open heating system with the correct angles of inclination and sufficient height of the expansion pipe can be operated and when there is a power outage(stopping the circulation pump). For this purpose, a bypass is made in the pipeline structure. The heating circuit looks like this:

If the power supply is interrupted, it is enough to open the tap on the bypass loop so that the system continues to operate on a gravitational circulation circuit. This unit also makes the initial heating start-up easier.

Warm floor system

In a heated floor system, correct calculation of the circulation pump and selection of a reliable model guarantee stable operation of the system. Without forced water injection, such a structure simply cannot work. Pump installation principle next:

Hot water from the boiler is supplied to the inlet pipe, which is mixed through the mixer block with the return flow of the heated floor;
The supply manifold for the heated floor is connected to the outlet pipe of the pump.

The distribution and control unit for a heated floor looks like this:

The system works according to the following principle.

At the pump inlet it is installed main thermostat, controlling the mixing unit. It can receive data from an external source, such as remote sensors in the room.
Hot water at a set temperature enters the supply manifold and is distributed through the underfloor heating network.
The return return has a lower temperature than the supply from the boiler.
The thermostat, using a mixer assembly, changes the proportions of the hot flow of the boiler and the cooled return flow.
Through the pump, water of the set temperature is supplied to the input distribution manifold of the heated floor.

Important! In such a structure there is no gravitational component of circulation. Therefore, when the power and pump are turned off, the heated floor simply does not work.

Main characteristics of circulation pumps

The main characteristics by which the choice of circulation pump is made:

pressure, showing the ability of the device to raise water to a certain height;
productivity and consumption, showing how much fluid the supercharger supplies per unit time.

These parameters are key in calculating the heating system. The pressure will allow you to understand whether the blower is capable of serving a pipeline network with a certain height difference. And the flow rate is calculated according to the requirements of the heating boiler for the planned volume of coolant.

Another factor that is often very important for the user is the mounting size of the device. This is the size of the pump; it is carefully considered if the supercharger is planned to be embedded into an existing pipeline, while ensuring a neat and inconspicuous installation.

Contains all the data the user needs markings on the front panel. The numbers on the circulation pump mean:

type of device (most often it is UP - circulation);
speed control type (not specified - single-speed, S - step switching, E - smooth frequency control);
diameter of the pipes (indicated in millimeters, means the internal dimension of the pipe);
pressure in decimeters or meters (may differ among different manufacturers);
installation dimensions.

The pump marking also contains information about the types of connections of the inlet and outlet pipes. The complete coding scheme and word order looks like this:

Responsible manufacturers always follow standard labeling rules. However, individual companies may not indicate some of the data, for example, installation dimensions. You need to find it out directly from the documentation for the device.

The choice of a circulation pump is always made after a careful calculation, which takes into account the type of heating equipment, the volume of coolant, elevation differences, and the minimum required blower performance.

Advice! You cannot buy products from unknown companies that copy products from reliable and popular brands. Such a pump is an ineffective investment. The use of low-quality materials, impellers, and turbines with limited service life leads to rapid failure of the supercharger. On specialized forums you can find many scary stories in photographs about the kind of technological nihilism that the housings of Chinese “no-name” products contain.

Therefore, it is worth choosing a pump only from trusted brands. Reliable devices are also available in the mid-price category. And if you need the highest quality and have the opportunity to pay one and a half to two times more, you should pay attention to products from the GRUNDOFS and WILO brands.

Review of popular models

It is impossible to give a clear name of the model of the best among superchargers without a clear segmentation according to their operating conditions. Therefore, the rating of heating circulation pumps represents the competition between brands and the key features of the equipment they offer.

1. Grundfos UPS

One of the most popular and high quality types of pumps. A company with roots in Denmark ensured maximum reliability using stainless liners, ceramic bearings, and turbine wheels made of composite materials. Glandless rotor pumps have the following features:

low energy consumption, from 45 to 220 W;
very low noise level (up to 43 dB) and vibrations - you can understand that the pump is working only by placing your hand on it;
wide temperature range from 2 (-20 for some models) to 110 degrees Celsius;
simple installation;
unpretentiousness, lack of maintenance;
durability, service life is at least 10 years.

Grundfos UPS pumps are very compact and lightweight. Their disadvantages include high price up to 2 times higher than competitors. However, the popularity of the products of this brand suggests that their characteristics justify the price tag.

Pump Grundfos UPS 25/40

Products from this brand are considered the most reliable. Only proven and simple solutions are used in their design and electronic circuits. The pumps are characterized by:

efficiency;
simple power adjustment;
reliability, durability - cast iron housing, turbine wheel made of polypropylene, bearings made of metal graphite, stainless shafts;
operating temperature from -10 to 110 degrees Celsius;
protection against voltage surges and surges;
ease of installation.

Wilo Star-RS pumps are compact, lightweight, maintenance-free. Their price is also higher than that of competitors, but lower than that of the leader in the rating. Users note that at the highest speed the pump begins to make noise over time.

Pump Wilo STAR-RS25/4-130

The Compass series is a reasonable choice, a strong mid-ranger with attractive characteristics and cost. The pumps are distinguished by:

efficiency;
simple speed switching circuit;
small dimensions;
fairly low noise level up to 65 dB;
rich equipment and easy installation;
fault tolerance due to the absence of complex technical solutions and the use of reliable materials;
low price.

The manufacturing company has an extensive service network, however, users note that the pumps of the Gilex “Compass” series They break extremely rarely.

Pump Gilex "Compass" 25/60

4. DAB VA

A series of pumps from an Italian manufacturer is optimal balance of characteristics and price. They are not able to offer record performance, but they are reliable and adapted to the realities of domestic energy networks. The devices are characterized by:

three-stage speed adjustment;
simple installation using a quick-release connection;
two types of mounting dimensions: 130 and 180 mm;
noise level up to 70 dB;
affordable price.

On a note! Today, the updated DAB VA line is presented on the market, where the issue of reliability has been carefully considered. A cast aluminum engine shell, technopolymer turbine wheel, ceramic shaft and thrust bearing, graphite bushings, many stainless parts and a new generation of EPDM O-rings are used.

Circulation pump DAB VB 55/120

Conclusion

Today you can buy any circulation pump on the market. In addition to those presented in the rating above, we offer adaptive systems, independently determining the parameters of the working fluid and changing productivity. The main thing for the user is to correctly calculate the required supercharger performance. And then, if you do not buy frankly junk products from the Chinese garage industry, a heating system with a high-quality pump will function for a long time, without fail and stably.

In order to make life in the house as comfortable as possible during the winter, you should definitely perform such an operation as installing a circulation pump in the heating system. The procedure is not too complicated and, if necessary, can be done independently. But, of course, you will first have to select equipment that suits all parameters, and also become familiar with the technology for its installation.

Benefits of use

Systems with natural coolant circulation have a number of disadvantages. Firstly, pipes with a diameter that are too large have to be installed in the house. This is necessary to ensure that water circulates freely through them without lingering anywhere. Secondly, when installing such a system, you have to calculate the angle of inclination of the pipes. And thirdly, equipment of this type is not very convenient to use.

Installing a circulation pump in the heating system allows you to solve all these problems. When using it, pipes can be installed thin. It is not necessary to tilt in such systems; the heat is distributed evenly throughout the rooms. Such a pump can also be installed in a system with natural coolant circulation. In this case, the house will not be left without heating.

Varieties

At the moment, only two main types of circulation pumps are produced: wet-running and conventional. The first type is not very powerful, operates silently and is usually used in country houses and cottages. Most often this is single-phase equipment.

The pump into the heating system of an apartment building is made in the same way as into the network of a private small building. However, in this case, conventional equipment is used, that is, one in which the rotor and stator are separated from the volute by a waterproof membrane. Installation is carried out on the main line in a separate room - the boiler room. The fact is that such pumps operate very noisily. This is a three-phase powerful equipment that requires, among other things, periodic lubrication.

How to choose the right one

Before you begin such a procedure as installing a circulation pump in the heating system (it is quite possible to do this with your own hands, as you will soon see), you should, of course, purchase all the necessary equipment. So, if you need a pump for a private home, you should buy a single-phase model with a “wet running” rotor. Three-phase powerful pumps are suitable for an apartment building or a very large cottage.

In any case, when purchasing, you should study the technical data sheet of the model. In this case, first of all you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

Performance. This indicator is usually expressed in liters or cubic meters. It means the volume of liquid that the pump can pass through itself in an hour. In order to choose the right model, you should know how much water is pumped into the system. The performance value should exceed this figure by approximately three times.
Pressure This parameter shows with what force the pump can draw in coolant. The device should easily cope with pumping water along all heating curves, if necessary, lift it to the upper floors, etc. For example, for an apartment building you will need to purchase equipment with a pressure of about 20 m. For a cottage, a less powerful model is also suitable.

Circulation pumps with automation are considered very convenient to use. This model can be set on a timer, and it will turn itself off and on when necessary.

Basic installation rules

Most often, a circulation pump is installed in a heating system through a bypass pipe called a bypass. In this case, when there is a power outage, the system switches to natural circulation without any problems. In order to let water flow directly, you just need to close the bypass valves.

The circulation pump is installed only on the return pipe between the last radiator and the heating boiler. This is due to the fact that the pump does not push water, but sucks it in. In addition, under the influence of very hot coolant in the supply pipe, its mechanisms quickly fail.

Only a pressure gauge, thermometer and pressure relief valve are installed between the pump and the boiler. A filter is mounted directly next to it on the bypass. In any heating system there is a lot of different debris: scale, silt, etc. Without a filter, the pump impeller will quickly clog, as a result of which it will simply fail.

When performing an operation such as installing a circulation pump in the heating system of a private home, be sure to follow these recommendations:

If the connection is made into an already existing network, the water must first be drained from the mains. The pipeline must be thoroughly flushed.
After completing the full installation cycle, the system is filled with water again.
All connections must be sealed with sealant.
The final step is to open the central screw on the pump housing and release excess air from it.

How to install

Do-it-yourself installation of a circulation pump in a heating system is carried out as follows:

A piece is cut out in the intended section of the return pipe, the length of which should be equal to the width of the bypass.
Tees are installed on both free ends.
These elements are connected by a piece of pipe with a valve built into it.
Each tee is connected to an L-shaped piece of pipe with nuts at the end and valves.
A filter is installed on one of the L-shaped pieces (between the valve and the pump).
The nuts are screwed to the pipes of the circulation pump.

The device should be installed in such a way that the coolant subsequently moves in the direction indicated by the arrow marked on the body. In addition, the place for its insertion should be chosen in such a way that access to it is not difficult later.

How to connect to the mains

When using the method described above for installing the circulation pump, its shaft will be located in a horizontal position. In this case, air will not accumulate in it, preventing lubrication of the bearings. Among other things, when installing the device, be sure to ensure that it is located on top.

Connect the electric pump to the electrical network in compliance with all required safety rules. The power cable must be equipped with a plug or switch. The minimum distance between the axes of the contacts is 3 mm. Cable cross-section - no less than 0.75 mm. Of course, the pump must be connected to a grounded outlet.

One or more?

Typically, in a private home, only one circulation pump is installed in the heating system. The power of modern equipment of this type is quite enough to ensure a sufficient flow rate of the coolant. Two pumps are included in the system only if the total length of the pipes exceeds 80 m.

Is it possible to install without bypass?

A circulation pump is usually installed on the bypass pipe in an open-type heating system. At the same time, if necessary, the owners of a country house have the opportunity to switch the network to natural coolant current. If the system is designed without slopes, the pump can be installed in a pipe without a bypass. In this case, the installation is carried out directly into the return line. In this case, shut-off valves must also be installed. This will allow you to easily remove the device for repair or replacement without having to drain the water from the system.

A procedure such as installing a circulation pump in a heating system without a bypass is usually performed only if the house has an alternative source of electricity. This could be, for example, a modern gasoline or diesel generator. In this case, in the event of a sudden power outage, the building will not be left without heating.

How to install on polypropylene

Now let's see how the circulation pump is installed in the heating system in this case. Polypropylene is a material that is quite light and easy to work with. In this case, connect the equipment like this:

Special connections (3/4) are soldered to the ends of the line.
Next, taps are attached to them using flax.
Then the latter are connected to the pump assembly using clamps.

Operating rules

Modern circulation pumps are reliable and have a long service life. But, of course, sometimes this equipment also fails. Such a nuisance can happen, for example, due to:

too much or too little water supply,
operation without coolant in the system,
in case of prolonged downtime,
when the water is heated too much (over +65 degrees).

How to dismantle

So, we have looked at how to install a circulation pump in a closed and open heating system. Now let's discuss how to remove this equipment in case it needs to be repaired or replaced. This procedure consists of just a few steps:

the pump is de-energized,
the valves on the bypass are closed,
the valve on the main line opens,
the fastening nuts are unscrewed.

If the pump has been installed in the system for a long time, it will most likely be stuck. Therefore, you will have to knock it out by tapping it with a mallet.

It is unlikely that you can repair the pump yourself if the owner of the house does not have sufficient experience in this matter. Most likely, you will have to take it to a repair shop. But most often, owners of country buildings still install new equipment into the system; fortunately, pumps today are not too expensive.

The most common problem that owners of country houses have to face during the cold season is uneven heat distribution in the heating system. The natural circulation of hot water in the circuit is often not enough: the liquid in the boiler reaches the boiling point, and the radiators in distant rooms remain barely warm. Upgrading an existing system is not so difficult - you just need to arrange forced water exchange using special equipment. But where to install the circulation pump so that it works as efficiently as possible?

Correct and incorrect installation of the circulation pump

Circulation pump functions

Let's start with the fact that there are two ways to improve the heating situation in a private home - by installing larger diameter pipes or by installing a pump. The first option is used extremely rarely, since it involves a complete rework of the system. It can only be considered when building a new house, and even then there are few people willing to spend money on an expensive network. It is much easier and cheaper to equip a new or existing system with a circulation pump.

What does the unit insertion give:

The inertia of the system is reduced, as a result of which the house warms up much faster.
The temperature of pipes and radiators located at different distances from the boiler is equalized.
The influence of the counterslope is leveled out, and the problem of air jams will disappear.

Important! You should not design a heating system designed only for forced circulation. A prolonged power outage will cause the coolant to overheat.

Circulation pump connection diagram

Pump location in the circuit

Where should I install the circulation pump? Formally, modern equipment works equally well on any part of the circuit - both supply and return. However, it is better to take into account certain nuances:

High temperatures reduce the service life of the bearings and plastic elements of the device, so it is better to embed it on the return pipe (in front of the boiler).
The expansion tank must be mounted on a section of pipe with a uniform flow of water, and the pump will inevitably add turbulence. For this reason, it is recommended to place the equipment before the boiler, but after the expander.

Important! Before installing a circulation pump, make sure it is capable of handling boiling water.

To facilitate installation, it is better to purchase a device with a detachable thread. Otherwise, you will have to select adapters.

Among other things, you will need a deep cleaning filter, check valve, shut-off valves, bypass, a set of wrenches and factory installation instructions for the pump.

Why do you need a bypass?

Where to install the circulation pump so that it does not interfere with natural water exchange? A gravity heating system is characterized by minimal differences between the supply and return pipelines, and for optimal speed, minimal hydraulic resistance is required. Any turns and bends in the circuit, shut-off valves, and a decrease in pipe clearance can worsen the situation.

Important! For an autonomous heating system, only modern ball valves are suitable, which fully open the lumen in working condition.

You can purchase a ready-made bypass in the store

A bypass - a piece of pipe installed between the direct and return wiring - serves precisely to reduce the negative impact of the circulation pump on the hydraulic resistance. The equipment is embedded according to the following scheme:

The pump is installed parallel to the main circuit, and the diameter of the bypass pipe must be less than the diameter of the main pipe.
A valve is installed between the taps, which should close the main circuit. Otherwise, the equipment will distill water between taps without directing it into the system.
Safety valves are installed on both sides of the device. They allow you to cut off a non-working device and dismantle it if necessary.
A check ball valve must be installed on the bypass - in the event of a power outage, it will switch the system to natural circulation.

Important! If natural circulation is not provided, it is necessary to install a circulation pump with an uninterruptible power supply. These can be external batteries powered from a backup source.

Installing a pump in an old heating system

An old heating system with natural circulation sooner or later begins to “sabotage” its duties. Rust, scale and sludge appear in the pipes, which reduce their clearance and prevent hot water from moving along a given contour. Before installing the circulation pump, it is necessary to carry out resuscitation measures:

Replace the old expansion tank with a membrane model. This way you will prevent further corrosion and can reduce heat loss.
The closed expansion tank must be equipped with a safety valve that will relieve emergency pressure if the system overheats.
Thoroughly flush the entire pipeline by connecting it through hoses to the water supply. Take the time and effort to remove as much rust and sludge as possible.

Professional flushing of the heating system

Important! If your heating system runs on a solid fuel boiler, it is better to install the circulation pump on the return line so that it does not overheat from too high a temperature.

To check the correct installation of the equipment and evaluate its performance, the system is filled with water. The central screw on the device body is opened to remove air pockets. As soon as water appears, the pump can be started.

You can carry out the installation work yourself if you have sufficient knowledge and are confident that you can apply the correct installation scheme. If you have any doubts, contact a specialist. It is better to spend a small amount of money on calling an installer than to eliminate the consequences of doing it on your own in severe frosts.

Video: installing a circulation pump

Circulation pumps are becoming more and more common modules in home heating systems. They ensure proper circulation of the coolant, which contributes to uniform heating of the entire household. The service life of modern models reaches 10-15 years. Let's see how to choose and install the right water pump for heating a house and why it is needed in general.

The need for circulation pumps

Before we tell you how to properly install a circulation pump for heating your home, let's talk a little about why it is needed in a heating system. Thin plastic pipes have appeared on sale quite recently. Their predecessors are thicker, large-diameter metal pipes. Possessing a solid margin of safety and increased throughput, they ensured the unhindered flow of coolant through the heating system.

Previously, water pumps were not needed, since thick pipes did not create serious hydrostatic resistance. The design of old heating devices should also be noted - their impressive internal volumes did not create any special obstacles to the flow of coolant. Only the circuits had to be mounted according to a special scheme:

A high pipe was installed from the boiler, raising the coolant above all heating devices;
An expansion tank was mounted at the highest point;
The supply pipe was mounted at an angle so that the coolant flows freely towards the radiators;
The return pipe had to be installed at an angle towards the heating boiler.

This scheme, which did not include water pumps, ensured excellent heating performance.

Problems were created only if it was necessary to heat a large house. In this case, the coolant flows through the system with difficulty, since the large circuit creates high resistance. The longer the pipes and the more heating devices, the more obstacles there are. In two-story mansions, the resistance reaches the highest values. As a result, we observe:

The voiced problems can be solved in two ways - by more carefully designing the heating system circuit or by using a water pump.

Uneven heating of the heating system;
Cold branches;
Boiler water overheating.

Features of modern heating systems

A water heating pump is a small device with an electric motor and an impeller that ensures normal coolant circulation in the system. In modern heating it is impossible to do without it - a large number of bends, a small clearance of plastic and metal-plastic pipes, as well as the small capacity of heating devices affect it.

This number of obstacles causes an increase in hydrostatic resistance in the heating system. The abundance of additional elements also has an effect - these are thermostatic valves, manifolds, hydraulic arrows and much more. Many problems are created by the desire to hide all the pipes in the walls so that only the radiators are visible from the outside - in this case, you cannot do without a water pump for heating the house.

Adding fuel to the fire is the complete absence of slopes in modern heating - all pipes are located in a horizontal plane, without deviations in height.

Water pumps are in demand in closed heating systems. Here the coolant flows in a closed circuit without contacting the atmosphere. To install the systems, thin plastic pipes are used, so it is simply impossible to ensure normal flow of coolant here - it is necessary to install a water pump for heating.

The pump can also be installed in an open-type heating system, immediately after the heating boiler, but always before the expansion tank, and not after it.

Two pumps in the heating system or more

In order to ensure economical heating operation, we recommend purchasing more advanced energy-saving models of water pumps.

The water pump for circulating water in the heating of a private house is often not the only one in the system. Water-based heated floors have become a fashion in recent years. They provide heating for floor coverings, creating a comfortable atmosphere for people to stay. Since the basis for their manufacture is thin pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene, independent circulation of the coolant in them is impossible. Therefore, an additional pump is installed in the system.

Underfloor heating systems require the installation of a water pump. It is placed in the distribution box, next to the thermostatic valves, after which it must be connected to the mains. It works only in the underfloor heating circuit, while the second pump circulates the coolant through the rest of the heating circuit.

There are also diagrams of heating systems with several heating circuits. When planning to create independent heating for floors and rooms, consumers think about how many pumps are needed to heat a private home. One electric pump is installed here as a common one, in the supply or return, then a separate pump is installed for each circuit.

How to choose a water pump for heating your home

A heating pump for a private home is selected according to several basic parameters:

Productivity and pressure;
Rotor type;
Power consumption;
Control type;
Coolant temperature.

Let's look at how to choose water pumps for heating a private home.

Performance and pressure

Correctly made calculations will help you choose the unit that best suits your needs, which means it will help you save your family budget.

The performance of an electric water pump refers to its ability to move a certain amount of water per minute. The following formula is used for calculation – G=W/(∆t*C). Here C is the thermal capacity of the coolant, expressed in Wh/(kg*°C), ∆t is the temperature difference in the return and supply pipes, W is the required heating power for your home.

The recommended temperature difference when using radiators is 20 degrees. Since water is usually used as a coolant, its heat capacity is 1.16 W*h/(kg*°C). Thermal power is calculated for each household individually and expressed in kilowatts. Plug these values into the formula and get the results.

The pressure is calculated in accordance with the pressure loss in the system and is expressed in meters. Losses are calculated as follows - losses in pipes are considered (150 Pa/m), as well as in other elements (boiler, water purification filters, radiators). All this is added up and multiplied by a factor of 1.3 (provides a small margin of 30% for losses in fittings, bends, etc.). There is 9807 Pa in one meter, therefore, we divide the value obtained by summation by 9807 and obtain the required pressure.

Rotor type

Home heating uses wet rotor water pumps. They are characterized by a simple design, minimal noise levels and no need for maintenance. They are also characterized by small dimensions. Lubrication and cooling in them is carried out using a coolant.

As for dry-type water pumps, they are not used in home heating. They are bulky, have a high noise level, and require cooling and periodic lubrication. They also require periodic replacement of seals. But they have a large throughput capacity - for this reason they are used in heating systems of multi-storey buildings and large industrial, administrative and utility buildings.

Power consumption

The most modern water pumps with energy consumption class “A” have the lowest power consumption. Their disadvantage is their high cost, but it is better to invest once to get reasonable energy savings. In addition, expensive electric pumps have lower noise levels and a longer service life.

Control type

Through a special application you can get information about the operation of the device wherever you are.

Typically, the rotation speed, productivity and pressure are adjusted using a three-position switch. More advanced pumps are equipped with electronic control systems. They control the parameters of heating systems and allow you to save energy. The most advanced models are controlled wirelessly, directly from a smartphone.

Coolant temperature

Water pumps for heating a private home differ in their operating temperature range. Some models can withstand heating up to +130-140 degrees, these are the ones that should be preferred - they can cope with any thermal loads.

As practice shows, operation at the maximum temperature is possible only for a very short time, so having a solid reserve will be a plus.

Other characteristics

When choosing a water pump for heating, you need to pay attention to the maximum operating pressure for the selected model, installation length (130 or 180 mm), type of connection (flange or coupling), and the presence of an automatic air vent. Also pay attention to the brand - under no circumstances buy cheap models from little-known developers. The water pump is not a part you should skimp on.

Connecting the circulation pump to the heating system

Installing a circulation pump in the heating system of a private house begins with choosing its location. You need to decide where to make the tie-in - in the supply or in the return. The last option is the most common. In open-type systems, it can also be installed on the supply pipe, but only immediately after the boiler, before the expansion tank.

Also, the installation rules state that there should be no vacuum in the boiler heat exchanger - it is created by water pumps. Therefore, the optimal placement location is the return pipe, not the supply pipe.

Placing water heating pumps for a home in the return pipe has a very important advantage - the temperature of the coolant in this area is lower, which ensures good cooling of the electric pump. In the supply pipe it will operate at a temperature close to the maximum value, and this is already minutes.

In the case of heated floors, the pump is mounted in a distribution cabinet. When using several circuits, water pumps are mounted as far as possible from the boiler, behind the hydraulic arrow - one pump for each direction. Placement on the supply pipe is also possible if the circuit does not branch, but it is too long - in this case the electric pump is placed away from the heating boiler.

Proper installation of an additional pump ensures that it is powered and turned on separately from other pumps in the system.

Position of the water pump in space

We have already decided where to install the circulation pump for heating and have developed brief instructions - if the circuit does not branch, we place it on the return line. In the case of several circuits, the connection diagram will be different - we install a pump on the supply pipes in each direction.

Regardless of where the water pump for home heating will be installed, its rotor axis must be located strictly in a horizontal position. Along other axes its position can be arbitrary. But its electrical circuit should not be located at the bottom, for which there is a completely logical explanation - if the unit fails, the electrical circuit will be flooded with coolant, which will cause a short circuit.

Carrying out installation work

The water pump is installed in the heating system through a bypass. Take a look at its drawing and familiarize yourself with the main elements:

The connection diagram with a bypass is good because it allows you to switch from natural circulation to forced circulation at any time. It will also help you replace the water pump without stopping and draining the entire heating system.

The circulation pump (1) is the main “person” in the system;
Shut-off valves (3) – disconnect the pump from the heating;
Bypass valve (4) – ensures that the coolant moves only through the pump or along both channels;
Dirt filter (2) – provides coarse filtration from large mechanical contaminants.

Let's see how to connect a pump to a heating boiler and what is needed for this. First, we inspect the installation site to find free space to place the bypass. At the next stage, we assemble the bypass elements, prepare the taps, nuts, drains and dirt filter. We will also need a set of keys to connect individual units, and seals.

Let's start assembling the bypass - we form a section with a water pump, screwing a dirt filter and taps to it. Next, we proceed to inspect the section of the pipe where the insertion will take place. We cut out a piece for the bypass tap, take the area with the pump, and cut holes for it. Next, we weld all the elements and only then tighten all the threaded connections with wrenches - this cannot be done before welding.

You can also install a check valve on the heating pump - it will help prevent the coolant from moving in the wrong direction.

Having connected the water pump to a floor-standing or wall-mounted boiler, we proceed to electrical work - we connect electrical wires with power to the terminals. Here it is recommended to install a separate RCD, choosing a 1 or 2 kW sample.

The next step is to start the water pump. To do this, you need to fill it with water, removing air from it. The air plug is removed through a built-in bleeder or through a plug screw. We open all the taps, open the drain or unscrew the screw plug, wait until the air comes out and water flows. After this, we seal the system and try to start the water pump. If the device is noisy, it means that not all of the air plug has come out - partially unscrew the plug screw and keep the system open until the air bubbles disappear.

Next, all that remains is to adjust the shaft rotation speed so that the productivity is slightly less than normal. There is nothing wrong with installing a water pump in a heating system with your own hands - you just need to know how to work with tools. If problems arise, consult with specialists.