How to make a mineral fertilizer spreader with your own hands. What types of mineral fertilizer spreaders are there: strengths and weaknesses. Homemade manual spreader

Cultivating the land requires timely feeding if we want to get high-quality harvests. The larger the area, the more time and effort this process requires. Special mechanisms make this work easier for farmers: a mineral fertilizer spreader and a separate organic fertilizer spreader. Multifunctional units can also perform other work on the farm.

The mechanisms used in the process of soil fertilization are divided not only by the type of fertilizer applied, they have different functions. There are devices for mixing, grinding, and transporting fertilizers. Actually, the fertilizer spreader itself can be created to apply only granular or fine-grained dust-like fertilizers. There are devices for manure or liquid fertilizers.

There are self-propelled mechanisms, and there are different types of attachment to the tractor that transports them across the field: mounted, trailed and semi-trailered. In a small area, you can use a manual fertilizer spreader. It can even be homemade, made with your own hands using a wheelbarrow or cart. Their spreading principle can also be different: centrifugal, pendulum and pneumatic.

Direct assignment

The direct purpose of the spreader is to minimize human participation in the hard, exhausting work of cultivating the land. Since agricultural land is depleted at least twice a year - in autumn and spring, farmers are forced to apply fertilizers. It is better if this is done by professional equipment under the guidance of a person. In our fields you can see equipment from the German company Rauch. The mineral fertilizer spreaders from this manufacturer, self-propelled and trailed, are very reliable. Simplicity of design and the use of only high-quality materials ensure long-term uninterrupted operation, accurate dosing and uniform flow of fertilizers into the soil across the entire working width. This technique does not allow for overdose or unintentional changes in concentration with changes in movement speed or terrain level.

Prospread, Easypread, Protwin Slinger machines, manufactured by the French corporation Kuhn, have a side and rear ejection device. They ensure accurate dosing and uniform application of fertilizers into the soil. They have models with a hydraulic piston-pusher, the designs of which do without chains, that is, unnecessary moving parts. This French manufacturer encourages its customers by extending service maintenance provided that the equipment is used correctly.

Units from the Danish brand Bogballe are very easy to use because they have a minimal number of adjustments. The spreading rate is set by moving one handle. When spreading fertilizer, the discs rotate towards each other; this feature, together with the special shape of the blades, ensures the necessary uniformity of coverage of the area. The machines ensure ideal distribution of mixtures at the edges of the field, and not just in the middle. The bunker is equipped with screens for sifting, which prevents lumps or too large fractions from entering the field.

The German company Güstrower offers models with a large working area width - up to 40 m. They treat expensive fertilizers very rationally with German frugality. They can be configured to uniformly spread different amounts of fertilizer mixtures: from 40 to 16,000 kg per 1 hectare. Fertilizers can be used in a variety of ways: loose, lumpy, humus, bird droppings, compost. The high flight trajectory allows you to work not only on an unsown field, but even among grown plants. There are special devices that allow you to work among rows of vegetables. Hydraulics drive the discs, the on-board computer communicates in 3 languages ​​- German, English, Russian.

Not only bulk chemicals, but also compost, manure, bird droppings, lime, bone meal, and peat can be scattered by equipment from the Polish company Unia. Loading capacity is provided from 5.5 to 10 tons. The Tytan 18 model has wide wheels that make it easier to work on wet, slippery fields. Pendulum spreaders from the Norwegian manufacturer Kverneland are well known throughout the world. They are produced at a plant in the Netherlands, like more traditional disk ones. They have electronic control systems; to control you do not need to leave the tractor cabin at all, and a special corrective summer resident ensures uniform work on the hills, as on the plain.

The most famous manufacturer of agricultural machinery, Amazone, also produces many models of fertilizer spreaders.

They are characterized by working widths from 10 to 52 m, hopper volumes from 1000 to 4200 liters. Some models have the ability to weigh mixtures and determine the optimal rate. A universal computer with various useful functions has been developed for all equipment.

Video “Principle of operation of the device”

In this video you can see how the device works and what its principle is.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage of this technique is the possibility of applying fertilizers over large areas, rapid transportation and distribution of several tons (or several tens of tons) of fertilizers needed by plants across the field. This is completely impossible to do manually. Mechanical spreaders of mineral fertilizers evenly distribute the mixture across the field. Spreading of fertilizers is carried out only while the vehicle is moving, be it a manual, self-propelled or tractor-attached model. The most advanced models can be programmed so that different areas receive the concentration of fertilizers they need. The units can be used not only for their intended purpose. They will help to sow the field, scatter sand and other bulk materials.

The main disadvantage can be considered the price of such devices. Therefore, some craftsmen are trying to make a manual spreader with their own hands. Such a homemade unit can cope with small areas, but in a large farm it is better to have a mechanism from a good manufacturer. Among the variety of models and manufacturers, you can choose the one that will do the job perfectly on your farm, even if its payback will take several years.

Device

The manual device has to be pushed across the field, which is not very convenient. The mounted spreader is a metal frame attached to the tractor with brackets. The fertilizer trailer is attached to the frame at the rear. A hopper with two discs is installed on the frame; they rotate thanks to the tractor shaft; centrifugal force causes the fertilizer to be scattered.

The trailed fertilizer spreader is equipped with a special hopper. It contains a screw, the movement of which causes the mixture to move. The speed of the auger can be controlled, this allows you to regulate the flow of the fertilizer mixture depending on the required concentration in different areas. Sometimes a restrictive plate, a protective awning, and a container for sorting the substance are additionally installed. A self-propelled sprinkler is typically used to apply liquid organic fertilizers. It is equipped with two consoles made of duralumin pipes, on which special heads are located, which produce spraying.

A primitive manual spreader (seeder) can be homemade. It is based on a box and two running wheels. 11 holes are made in the box and covered with rotating plates. There are 2 dumpers above the plates; you can also attach a turner. When the wheels move, rotation is applied to the plates, the ejector and agitator shaft. This homemade design forces fertilizer from the box to fall onto the rotating plates, and from them to the ground with relative uniformity.

Video “Handheld device for gardening”

Video review of a manual spreader that can be used even in a small vegetable garden or garden.

In order to grow a good harvest of agricultural and industrial crops, it is necessary to ensure timely and uniform application of fertilizers. When it comes to a small area, you can do without special devices. However, when cultivating several hectares of land, it is impossible to cope without a special mineral fertilizer spreader.

Short description

Modern fertilizer spreaders are a universal design that consists of important components and multifunctional mechanisms. The main role is played by the diffuser, which has the form of two disks equipped with special blades. Their coordinated rotation in one direction contributes to the uniform application of fertilizers to the soil. In some cases, these blades have additional elements - extensions. Every specialist knows that it is the adjustment of the overall length that allows fertilizer to be applied to the discs as evenly as possible.

Undoubtedly, the advent of technology in agricultural processes greatly simplifies many activities. Using machines allows you to save time and sometimes money. Modern industry produces various fertilizer spreaders, which are worth considering in more detail.

Feasibility of application

During the cultivation of any agricultural product, fertilization is an important but very labor-intensive process. Without regular fertilizing it will not be possible to get a good harvest.

It is even more difficult to fertilize large areas; it takes a lot of time and effort. To make the task easier, special fertilizer spreaders have been created. Their purpose is to minimize human participation in this exhausting type of work activity. These complex units manage to take on the bulk of the work, making life easier for farmers.

Varieties

Fertilizer spreaders are classified according to several parameters. First of all, by the type of elements added to the soil. That is, they can be intended to introduce mineral or organic components.

Fertilizer machines are divided according to their functions. They can help:

• mix;
• grind;
• transport fertilizers.

Fertilizer spreaders apply fertilizer to the soil in the following forms:

• dusty;
• in granules;
• manure compounds;
• liquid solutions.

Depending on the mounting features, such machines are:

1. Self-propelled. This technique works autonomously and does not require connection to other machines.
2. Trailed - they are attached to the tractor.
3. Semi-trailer vehicles. They can be attached to machines or work independently.
4. Mounted. They are attached to other agricultural machines.
5. Manual type. These spreaders are suitable for small areas.

Farmers often make manual fertilizer spreaders themselves. They are based on a cart or wheelbarrow. And the technology works using a centrifugal, pneumatic or pendulum type.

Advantages and disadvantages

Any technology has its pros and cons. The advantages of such units include:

• fast pace of delivery of nutritional compounds;
• ability to process large areas;
• saving time when applying fertilizers;
• uniform coverage of the area with large volumes of nutrient mixtures;
• applying compounds only while the unit is moving;
• some models have a function for adjusting the applied fertilizers;
• the ability to be used for other agricultural purposes - for example, for scattering seeds.

The disadvantages include the high cost of the units. Farmers with small plots of land prefer to create spreaders with their own hands.

To process large areas, it is worth purchasing professional equipment from a specialized store. A variety of models allows you to choose the option necessary for processing a specific area. The cost of such equipment will pay off in a few years.

Let's look at the most popular manufacturers.

Rauch

This German company produces trailed and self-propelled spreaders. They are easy to use and reliable in operation.

The manufacturer uses only high-quality resources to produce its equipment. The units are characterized by uninterrupted operation and allow precise application of the required dosages of fertilizers, which prevents overdoses when using fertilizers.

Kuhn

This is a French company that offers different models of spreaders. Among them: Easypread, Protwin Slinger, Prospread. All models are equipped with a function for side and rear spreading of nutrient mixtures.

Experts consider the advantages of this French technique to be uniform application of the compositions and accuracy in dosing.

The manufacturer is developing incentives for its regular customers. If the operating rules of the equipment are not violated, the service time will increase. Some samples have a hydraulic piston-pusher and no unnecessary elements such as chains.

Bogballe

Danish manufacturer offering simple and convenient units. All devices have a minimum number of adjustments. The operator can set the desired parameters with one handle.

The discs of the unit rotate towards each other, so the field is evenly treated with fertilizers. The blades of the device have an original shape.

With the help of units from this company, nutrients can be applied both in the center and along the edges of the field. Filter meshes do not allow large nutritious pieces to scatter.

Gustrower

Manufacturer from Germany, producing spreader models with a working surface of considerable width. It can reach 40 meters. The models have a function for adjusting the fertilizer spreader according to the applied compositions. Allows the use of various fertilizers:

• crumbly;
• compost;
• liquid;
• humus;
• in the form of lumps;
• bird droppings.

The equipment of this company can work in areas with grown plants, since the flight path of the spilled substances is quite high.

The spreaders have an on-board computer that allows you to configure the fertilizer spreader, as well as a hydraulic system.

Unia

A Polish company that produces RSW units for applying various types of fertilizers. The brand has proven itself well on Russian soils.

The load capacity of the units is from 5.5 to 10 tons. Some models have wheels that are wide enough to handle slippery conditions. Thanks to the sieve, the hopper with nutrient mixtures is protected from foreign objects. The discs are made of high quality steel. The limiter ensures the accuracy of application of compounds.

Amazone

A very popular technique in Russia. The company has 140 years of experience.

The working width of the units is from 10 to 52 meters. The volume of working tanks is from 1000 to 4200 liters. All spreaders are quite simple in design. They are centrifugal type and have extraction hoppers without seams or corners, which helps fertilizers slide quickly and simplifies the process of cleaning equipment.

Some models have the ability to weigh mixtures and calculate the optimal amount for a specific area. The on-board computer allows you to make work comfortable. All equipment is made of corrosion-resistant metals. A special paint application technique makes the top coating extremely resistant to any impact.

A large number of dealers makes it easier to find spare parts for equipment from this company.

Let's also consider specific models of units used in Russian fields.

L-116

This is a mineral fertilizer spreader used for distributing solid as well as bulk mixtures. The design is made in such a way that the device covers an area 20-24 meters wide. In an hour, the device can process from 8 to 16 hectares of area.

L-116 is used for sowing green manure. It is attached to tractors of class 0.6 and more.

PRT-10

An organic fertilizer spreader, which is used for applying fertilizers and for transporting them. Liquid and dry compositions can be used as raw materials.

It looks like a trailer. When turned on, fertilizers fall on the spreading device, the conveyor transfers them to the spreading parts. As soon as the dump section is free, the hydraulic system is turned off.

The dosage of applied fertilizers is regulated by the speed of the conveyor.

Fertilizers are applied to a width of 5 to 8 meters. The machine is served by one tractor driver.

ROU

This is basically a trailed vehicle, which can be used as a trolley when the tractor shaft is disconnected. Models from this company are distinguished by high performance characteristics and are suitable for covering large areas.

The equipment has a high operating speed, the most convenient spreading width - 8 meters, and a comfortable conveyor for unloading trains.

The disadvantage of the units is that they cannot work independently and require aggregation with tractors.

"Farmer-950"

This technique combines price and quality. The dimensions of the unit are not very impressive, but the useful volume is 940 liters.

Can distribute fertilizer over a width of 14 to 21 meters.

The design of "Farmer-950" is durable and reliable. The added hydraulic damper provides the most convenient loading level and comfortable fertilizer feeding process.

It is possible to adjust the working width and dosage of applied fertilizers. The gearbox does not require maintenance. The grille protects against the entry of unnecessary objects.

This domestic unit is not inferior to many expensive imported designs.

RUM

These spreaders, produced in Neftekamsk, allow you to apply fertilizers at any stage of agricultural activity. The equipment is of the semi-trailer type. They are used to add and transport mineral compounds. Using RUM units, fertilizers are applied in the form of powder, crystals and granules. Fertilizers are added to the soil in spring and autumn.

There is a function for regulating the volume and density of nutritional compositions.

RUN-15B

This mounted fertilizer spreader is used for applying manure or compost mixtures. It is aggregated with tractors. The tractor driver controls the structure. The machine applies fertilizer over a width of 35 meters.

MVU-900

This is a mounted mineral fertilizer spreader. The design is used for fertilizing plants and for sowing crops. It allows you to scatter fertilizer granules on the surface. After this, they must be embedded in the soil with special tools. Such machines are used in various areas, except mountainous areas. The soil slope should not exceed 8 degrees. The machine is considered accurate, reliable and easy to use.

As already mentioned, according to the type of device and operating principle, the units can be trailed or mounted. It all depends on the needs of the farmer and the characteristics of his agricultural activities. Trailed models include the following: PRT-7, ROU-6, MTT-9, MTU, LMR PTU-17 and others. Mounted units are: RUN-800, RUM, RSN 800 and others.

Trailed ones are more convenient than mounted ones in that after emptying one trailer, the operator attaches the next one and continues his work.

Self-production

An experienced farmer can make a simple fertilizer spreader with his own hands. This will be a miniature model. The basis is a garden wheelbarrow. You need to make 11 holes in its body and close each one with a rotating plate. Two ejectors are located above each plate. While moving, the wheels will transmit rotation to the plates and the camshaft.

In the process of growing various industrial or agricultural crops, the most important point remains the introduction of fertilizers. If you have a small plot of land, then you can do this without using a specific device. But for gardeners who have a decent plot of land, fertilizing the soil with their own hands is long and painful.

The photo shows a fertilizer spreader:

It is they, due to rotation in one direction, that contribute to the spreading of fertilizer into the ground. These blades have additional equipment - extensions. By adjusting their total length, it is possible to distribute fertilizer evenly onto the discs.

The attachment is characterized by the presence of distribution discs. If necessary, you can easily replace them. During operation, mineral fertilizers, under the influence of the agitator shaft, evenly exit the hopper onto the distribution discs. In turn, the disks perform rotational movements in the opposite direction.

Unit operation

In most cases, mineral fertilizers are immersed in the spreader, which are classified as salts of the chemical elements K, P and N. They are introduced into the soil qualitatively over its entire surface.
Before you begin actual work, you should perform a thorough external inspection of the machine, replace parts if necessary, tighten fasteners, and treat all rubbing parts with oil according to factory requirements. The operation of the mounted fertilizer spreader is as follows:

1. Nutrient components with high humidity and a size of no more than 7 mm are sent to the bunker. If you use larger particles, you can achieve arching in the bunker, the working parts of the machines may stick, and the entire technological sowing process will be disrupted. Loading is carried out using a car or tractor loader.
2. Sieve- This is a mesh made of metal. It is installed in a bunker. It is necessary to protect against the ingress of large pieces of compacted fertilizer and foreign objects.
3. Fertilizer, which is located in the hopper, thanks to the dampers, is sent to the diffuser. It, in turn, distributes nutrients in a fan-shaped flow over the surface of the land.
4. Drive of working parts carried out from the power take-off shaft of the tractor. Fastening of all assembly elements to the spreaders is carried out on the frame. It is presented in the form of a tubular welded structure. A bunker is a kind of container in which fertilizers are located. The extension is necessary to increase the volume. It is secured with bolts.

And the technical features of using the material are indicated in the article.

The mounted diffuser is presented in the form of two disks to which blades are attached. Thanks to the agitator located inside the bunker, it is possible to ensure the flow of fertilizer through the valves to the diffuser.

Pictured is a hanging diffuser:

The drive is represented by a single-stage bevel gearbox and a telescopic cardan shaft. The flap control process allows you to accurately set the required dose of fertilizer. The control mechanism is located under the bottom of the hopper and is presented in the form of a movable damper, a rod and a lever attached to it.

The application is indicated in the article.

The presented device allows you to introduce fertilizer into fields, pastures and gardens with their further incorporation using special equipment. Thus, it became possible to feed winter crops, row crops and grasses.

After completing all preliminary adjustments, you can begin setting up the device to the required rate. For these purposes, the spreader container is filled with mineral fertilizers. This is done in the required dosage, taking into account the amount of nutrients and the length of the path.

How it is used is indicated in the article.

Price

Such a device cannot be called cheap, since its price is impressive. Of course, the benefits that this type of device provides will pay for the cost many times over. You can purchase the product for 15,000-145,000 rubles.

How to make it yourself

If you do not want to spend money on this expensive purchase, then you can make a fertilizer spreader yourself. To do this, it is important to know what elements it consists of. To work you will need a box. Make 11 holes in it, which will soon be closed using rotating plates. There should be 2 ejectors located above each plate. A damper must be provided to regulate the amount of fertilizer. The support for the seeder will be two running wheels.

You can find out from the article.

During operation of the apparatus, rotation will be transmitted from the wheels to the plates, and then to the ejector and agitator shaft. Thanks to the plates, the fertilizer will be dropped from the box and sent to the ground. To ensure an even supply of nutrients to the plates, you need to stir them from time to time.

The process of introducing fertilizer is one of the important points for the normal and rapid development of cultivated plants. To facilitate this process, it is necessary to use a device such as a spreader. This unit will not only quickly but also evenly distribute inorganic components over the entire surface of the land.

During plant growing, fertilization is an important procedure. If the area is small, then this work can be done without the use of a special apparatus. But if there is a large territory, it will be difficult to carry out this procedure on your own. This is why fertilizer spreaders are used. With their help, it will be possible to add precise dosages, as well as evenly distribute substances over the ground.

Device Features

Fertilizer spreaders are presented in the form of a structure that includes a drive of working elements, chassis, body, hydraulics, conveyor and scatterer.

The last part includes 2 types of disks with blades, thanks to which all the work happens. These blades are equipped with extensions. If you adjust their length, you will be able to distribute fertilizer evenly onto the discs.

Attachments

Mounted fertilizer spreaders are also used in conjunction with tractors of different power. Usually this equipment has a very powerful motor. Attachments include a frame and a linkage. A bunker with two funnels is fixed to the top. In this area there are 2 loading grids, with the help of which large granules cannot get into the equipment. There are also 2 funnels at the bottom that serve to distribute fertilizers.

Attachments have spreading discs. If required, they can be replaced. During operation, the fertilizer is released onto the distribution discs using the agitator shaft. And they rotate in the opposite direction.

Advantages

In the field of agriculture, the main technical means include fertilizer spreaders. For owners of large plots, this technique is considered indispensable, as it allows nutrients to be evenly distributed to improve the quality of plant growth.

Every year, crops absorb many nutrients from the soil. To prevent a shortage of useful components, you need to properly use inorganic fertilizers. Substances to be used:

• with phosphorus;
• potassium;
• nitrogen;
• impurities that improve soil quality.

Thanks to these components, plants receive everything they need for normal development. Therefore, gardeners will have a good harvest.

Unit operation

Typically, minerals are placed in a fertilizer spreader. A photo of this device allows you to understand how it works. Plants require salts of the chemical elements K, P and N. They enter the soil from which crops are nourished.

Before work, it is necessary to inspect the machine and replace elements, if necessary. Fasteners also need to be tightened and rubbing parts treated with oil. All procedures must be performed according to factory rules. The spreader operates in the following stages:

• nutrients no larger than 7 mm in size are sent into the bunker using a car or tractor loader;
• the sieve is installed in the bunker, which is necessary to protect against the penetration of large fertilizer elements;
• the fertilizer is sent to the diffuser, which performs a distribution function;
• The extension is used to increase the volume of fertilizers.

Attachments include 2 discs with blades. The agitator located in the bunker delivers fertilizer through the flaps to the diffuser.

A telescopic cardan shaft is also called a drive. Thanks to the control of the dampers, it will be possible to set the desired dose of nutrients. The control device is located under the bottom of the hopper. This device can be useful in fields, pastures, and gardens.

Equipment is necessary for feeding winter crops, row crops and grasses. When the preliminary adjustments are completed, you can configure the device to the desired rate. To do this, fill the spreader. This is done taking into account the dose, the amount of necessary nutritional components.

Price

The device is quite expensive because its mechanism is complex. But its use quickly pays off, since it makes the landowner’s work easier. You can buy it for 15-145 thousand rubles.

A homemade fertilizer spreader will be economical. Only in this case it is necessary to create it correctly. Such a device will also be a reliable assistant, but at the same time it will be cheaper.

How to do it yourself?

In order not to spend money on an expensive purchase, you can create a fertilizer spreader with your own hands. You just need to familiarize yourself with the design of the equipment. To work you will need a box, as well as instructions. How to fold the fertilizer spreader? The watering can will serve as an assistant in the household. You need to make 11 holes in it, which are closed with rotating plates. There should be 2 droppers above each of them.

To regulate the amount of fertilizer, you will need a damper. The seeder is supported by 2 running wheels. During operation of the apparatus, rotation is transmitted from the wheels to the plates, and then the agitator is dropped onto the shaft. The plates will drop fertilizer from the box and then send it to the ground. To ensure that the nutritional components flow evenly, you need to stir them periodically.

Fertilizing plants is an important procedure, because it ensures the proper development of crops. A special spreader will help make a person’s work easier. The device not only saves time, but also correctly distributes nutrients throughout the soil.