What is the foundation for a house in a swampy area. Installation of screw piles in wetlands. Lezhnevka at the entrance

It is a difficult site to build. Swamp land has a lot of water, and a large mass of fine particles. The first layer of soil is peat, it shrinks a little. In peaty and swampy soils, water is nearby. The foundation is being built using several good technologies. Before you start working and designing the bases, you need to do some research, according to which the base frame and bottom will be made. This is the construction of pile and slab foundations.

The most necessary moment in preparing for the construction of foundations in a swamp is finding water from the earth. Underground water is located close to the ground. It is also necessary to take into account the load of the entire building. How strong the mass of the proposed building will be, it is decided what the foundation will be. To do this, calculate the total mass of the building, according to these criteria, choose the types of foundation.

Bath foundation

In the past, the foundations were stones, they were covered with clay, the structure was made of logs. There are many ways to prepare a base that will last a very long time without breaking. The foundation for a bath in a swamp must be: durable, safe, the walls must be waterproof, be ready to accept the weight of the structure.

When making foundations, you need to be careful with the soil, in most cases it all depends on how long the steam room will last. Ground requirements:

• do not move;
• do not bulge;
• compress well, be stable.

It is undesirable to make a bath, where most of the peat and sand are present. If there are no options, you need to make a pillow of coarse sand. They make a hole on the foundation, lay sand on the bottom, pour it with water, ram it.

Well-mixed soil is excellent. The bottom of the building should be half a meter. Before laying the foundations, you need to know how far to lay, how much the soil will freeze. The laying occurs 20 cm below the rest of the data, the distance is filled with sand, gravel. Before laying it is necessary to process the site.

A drawing is made, the territory is leveled, the first layer of soil is removed. The width of the base should be 10 cm more than the width of the wall. There are several types of foundations: tape, columnar, bored, pile.

Foundation construction

The most important condition for making a foundation in a swamp is to do drainage. It is necessary to remove all unnecessary water from this site, after all the measures it is already possible to build a foundation for a building in a swamp. Drainage works bring a lot of patience. For land in a swamp, the pile foundation is combined or reinforced concrete. Piles are the main part of the foundation. People living in the North take a reinforced slab for construction.

A shallow foundation is the most suitable for small wooden houses. After that, a project is selected, and the slab is poured correctly, and then everything will be fine with the building.

Foundation and swamp

For work, the best option would be a pile with a beam and monolithic grillage. The reason is the instability of the soil, the deformation of the soil, which can push the support of the structure out of the ground. Humidity is very important, it can destroy the reinforced concrete structure of the main pillars. A swamp foundation supported by firm ground below the freezing point is an excellent choice.

The construction of the foundation is not quite simple than on simple soil. All work is done by hand, with a minimum of mechanical machines.

House in the swamp

Houses and dachas, warehouses, buildings for industry and other buildings are sometimes erected in the swamp. Periodically, residential buildings are placed on:

1. pile;
2. tape;
3. monolithic foundations.

A monolithic base is the most durable and expensive. It is more economical, but too reliable to use a strip foundation, it requires a very large amount of work. The best foundation for a house in a swamp is a screw pile, screwed lower than the ground layer freezes, the more practical the design becomes. The support goes to the entire area, thereby the building becomes more stable, practical.

Pile foundation - a reinforced pipe filled with a pillow of sand, is considered one of the suitable ones for building a foundation in a swamp, there is a large area of ​​\u200b\u200bfixing, which is good for the overall load of the building. Considered the most expensive option.

Foundation in the swamp

A well-filled base is the beginning of a building; the practicality of a building on wet soil depends on the foundation. When you need to pour a foundation in a swamp, an ordinary foundation will not work, it is subjected to earth drilling, and poor-quality laying due to the fact that there is water nearby. There is a specific instruction for installing the foundation for the construction of a reinforced concrete monolithic slab, a building is being built on it.

To do this, it is necessary to pour and make ramming of crushed stone, at the very beginning of the pit. The top is sprinkled with sand, it strengthens the rubble, does not allow it to diverge. Further, a layer of sand and gravel is compacted with vibro tools. After the layer is covered with a vinyl film, it keeps the concrete slab from capillary moisture. From above there is an armature from iron. Metal fittings are not recommended to be welded, they are fixed with a knitting wire.

It is easier to pour a monolithic slab with ready-made concrete made at the factory. Then you can pour it in one day, it's good for the stove. It is made in such a way as to preserve the building during ground displacements. The base may float, the cause may be the movement of the monolithic slab.

Strip foundation

The strip foundation is the most expensive and durable of all that exists. It is placed almost everywhere where the earth layer is relatively stable. A strip foundation in a swamp is a concrete structure that has the perimeter of a future home. The work is to make a trench and fill it with concrete, you can also install small and large blocks from the foundation.

When building a foundation, you need to know about its reliability, this is due to weather conditions, and much depends on the soil. The soil is looser in winter than in summer. The greater the density of the soil, and the colder the winter, the more the earth will freeze.

The low groundwater level is of great importance. When digging a pit, pay attention to the thickness of the soil, and the depth of the foundation, there will be layers of large and small stones.

We clear the area for construction when you need to fill the foundation in the swamp:

1. We make a trench of the required shape for the building.
2. We make a pillow out of sand.
3. We build the reinforcement of the frame along the dug hole.
4. We do water care, construct drainage.
5. Pour the mixture and wait until it hardens.
6. When everything is dry, it is necessary to make waterproofing. When the foundation is ready, you can start building walls. If you do everything smartly, the house should turn out.

When building houses, different types of foundations are used. First, it is very necessary to abandon those foundations that cannot be built in a marsh area. Putting a foundation in a swamp should start with a monolithic version. The construction is expensive and large in volume, it is necessary to get a lot of soil. This requires freight transport, the house will be heavier, which should not be allowed in the swamp.

Pile and column foundations are not recommended for construction in a swamp. It will be good only to build a bath, the weight of the building is transferred to the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe structure.

You should abandon the cellar, there is very high humidity, there will be dampness. In order to begin the installation of the foundation, a series of preparatory work is done. To begin with, groundwater is diverted, drainage ditches are made around the perimeter. It is necessary to make a small descent to collect water in a certain place.

If there is already a ready-made pit, the bottom is sprinkled with small pebbles, special pipes are placed on it. It is necessary to protect them from blockage, and twist them with geofabric, which will exclude unnecessary dirt. Pipes must be taken to the well, from there the water can be removed by a pump.

We protect the foundation from excess moisture, this is done after the formwork has been placed. We install asbestos-cement sheets and a waterproofing membrane, it will protect against excess moisture. And also there will be no dampness in the house itself, so that mold does not appear, and the fungus does not start. The fungus is very difficult to remove from the living quarters, and dampness is also a bad indicator for a residential building. This will allow your cellar to remain without water, which means that it can store useful necessary things, spins.

Non-drying marshy soil with moisture-loving vegetation that can be systematically moistened is not the most favorable place for building a house frame. The close location of groundwater creates seasonal fluctuations in soils, especially during the period of spring warming. Modern construction technologies can solve the problem of how to organize a foundation in a swamp so that it can withstand the load of a house.

Soil analysis

What is swampy land? This is an area with a porous structure, which is 90% water. The rest of the percentage is formed by randomly located particles of minerals - peat, sand, clay. The unsystematic order of occurrence of rocks does not allow calculating the load on the soil.
Soil surveys on the site will help to identify the following characteristics of the area:

• type of soil massif;
• groundwater volume;
• freezing depth;
• distance of the aquifer from the surface.

The data obtained make it possible to determine the physical properties of the layers, their thickness and depth, and to characterize changes in the soil over the past few years. On the basis of geological expertise, it is possible to choose which foundation to build in the swampy area.

How to explore the soil yourself?

It is not advisable for summer residents to delve into the details of geodetic surveys. Private developers need to carry out a number of simple measures:

• selection of earthen material from four wells. The drilling depth is 5 m for wood structures, 8 m for overall stone buildings. It is better to probe the surface in the spring, when it contains the maximum amount of moisture.
• mechanical analysis is carried out by sampling a small piece of earth. It rolls out in the hands and bends into a ring. The decayed element testifies to sandstones, unstable - to loams, dense - to clay;
• vegetation inspection. Wild rosemary, blueberry, sedge, cloudberry, horsetail and other crops are present on excessively moist marshy soils.

Research and determination of the type of soil provide for the determination of the change in GWL.

When does the groundwater level change in a swamp?

The volume of groundwater varies throughout the year. During the thaw period, their number increases significantly. The lowest GWL was recorded in winter. A high aquifer imposes restrictions on the construction of a frame in a swampy place. Moisture concentration at the level of 2 meters or less poses a threat of flooding of trenches, pits, mold in the house, basement. A clear algorithm of work will help minimize the impact of springs on the life of the foundation.

pile frame

Base designed for wetlands. Supporting elements - piles that are driven into the soil. A pile foundation in a swamp allows you to solve the problem of heaving, instability of the upper layer of the earth, and allows you to smooth out the unevenness and inclination of the territory.
The advantages of the building:

• low-cost, not labor-intensive process (in 2 days you can build a supporting structure);
• mounting the frame reduces the amount of land work: garbage disposal, digging a pit, concreting;
• the choice of building material for piles: wood, steel, reinforced concrete;
• increased strength, long service life.

It is rational to use a pile foundation in swampy, unstable terrain with a high level of groundwater. There are several limitations to consider when choosing a support structure:

• weak bearing capacity in horizontally mobile soil;
• additional financial costs for the arrangement of the basement (filling voids).

The average depth of the well pit is 10-15 m. To mount the pile frame at a high groundwater level, use poles with a length of at least 25 m. You need to drive the piles until they fit snugly against the ground.

Algorithm of work on the construction of foundations on piles

Construction work is allowed at any time of the year.

1. We treat the tongues with an antiseptic to prevent the development of corrosion.
2. We immerse the piles in the ground: we screw the driven piles, for the screw ones we use a special lever.
3. Cut off the excess protruding part.
4. We fill hollow pipes with cement.
5. Using an electric welding machine, we mount the support platforms on the edged parts of the piles.
6. We process the surface with a waterproofing solution.
7. We connect the structure along the heads with a horizontal grillage.

High speed of erection, resistance to soil vibrations allow to increase the service life of the structure.

slab foundation

The construction was widely used for the construction of a monolithic stone building. Concrete slabs are resistant to temperature changes and loads.
The problem of a high level of groundwater is solved with the help of a sand and gravel pad located at the base of a monolithic slab, buried to the level of soil freezing. Rocks let spring streams pass below the place of occurrence, which prevents deformation. The sequence of technological steps will create a solid slab foundation in the swamp.

1. We prepare the wetland, clear of vegetation, debris.
2. Burlim wells in the corners of the future structure.
3. We dry the trench. At GWL up to 2 meters from the surface, use pumps, from 2 and below - limit yourself to the drainage system.
4. We will strengthen the bottom of the pit with an embankment of sand and gravel. This will protect the foundation from groundwater. From above we form a flooring from roofing material.
5. We make formwork from lumber.
6. Along the entire perimeter of the shaping structure, we mount reinforcement from metal rods.
7. In several approaches, we fill the trenches with a concrete mixture. The thickness of each layer should not exceed 0.2 m.
8. Dismantle the form for laying concrete after the mortar dries (it will take several days).
9. We process the vertical and horizontal surface of the frame with waterproofing mastic.

The foundation in the swamp of monolithic slabs is an expensive type of construction. Changes in soil heaving will not affect the reliability and strength of the frame. Therefore, the tiled foundation is mainly used for swampy terrain.

Tape base

A shallow foundation for a house is suitable for building small timber frame structures. The peculiarity of the type of supporting structure is that the depth of the masonry is higher than the level of soil freezing. When equipping the tape, you need to take into account a number of nuances:

• the role of the drainage system is performed by a pillow of sand and gravel.
• during heaving of the soil, the reinforced frame rises slightly, however, the use of monolithic technology allows you to maintain its shape and prevents the appearance of cracks.
• at the design stage, soil features should be determined. This will allow you to calculate the effect of loads on the future building, to determine the margin of safety.
• the sequence, the technique for performing the work of arranging the foundation, which is located in a swampy area and is relevant with high groundwater damage, is identical to the laying of a large deepening tape - digging a foundation pit, forming a pillow, building formwork, reinforcement and layer-by-layer pouring of cement mortar.
• it is advisable to install a channel for water drainage along the entire perimeter of the foundation at a distance of 1.5 - 3.00 m.

Ease of installation and low cost make the tape popular as a foundation on swampy soil.
Dampness, moisture have a destructive effect on the frame. It is difficult to predict how soil density will change over time. Use waterproofing systems to avoid the effects of heaving on the ground. When choosing the type of foundation that will be located in soft marshy terrain, be guided by the climatic conditions of the area, the type of structure and budget.

Few people will be happy with a site located in a wetland. But do not think ahead of time that it would be better not to have it. Until the situation is completely clear, you just need to be patient. In fact, the foundation is being built in the swamp, although this is fraught with certain difficulties. First, geological studies of the soil layers are carried out, inviting specialists. Based on the results, conclusions are drawn and a responsible decision is made on the possibility of carrying out construction work. Only after that, calculations are made taking into account the conclusions provided and it is determined which foundation will be installed in this territory.

Research

Marshy soil refers to complex soils. She:

• has a multilayer, heterogeneous structure;
• consists of unstable peat, heaving clay and sandstone;
• different density and high water saturation of the layers.

In such conditions, it can be difficult even for professionals to determine which of the foundations will be better and more reliable to make on swampy soil so that it can withstand the load-bearing loads from the house. Geological studies of the area on which the problem soils are located help to clarify the situation.

For soil sampling, several wells are drilled on the site - at least four. They are usually placed in the corners of the future house. If it is assumed that its sides will be too long, then more intake holes will have to be made. Sampling wells are performed using a hand probe. It is not at all necessary to buy it - the invited specialists probably have such a tool.

For a wooden house, a well is drilled at a depth of at least five meters, and for a more massive brick house, within eight to ten meters.

In the course of research work, long before the builders begin to build a foundation in a swamp, it is possible to find out the parameters of each of the soil layers lying on the construction site, namely:

• thickness;
• compound;
• chemical and physical characteristics;
• water saturation;
• depth of occurrence.

In addition, modern methods make it possible to understand how the soil structure has changed in recent years under the influence of seasonal and climatic influences. The most important are the periods of melting snow and prolonged rains. For our latitudes, they coincide with spring and autumn. At this time, the soil, especially the marshy one, is saturated with water, which has the worst effect on the bearing capacity of the soil.

The instability of swampy soils is one of the main problems that complicate the construction of buildings on them.

An important indicator is the level of soil freezing, which directly affects the depth of the foundation, mounted on peat soil. e. The GTL value is tabular and is taken depending on the region of construction.

All received data are analyzed and then voiced in the form of recommendations. The parameters determined in the process of research are taken as initial indicators for technical calculations.

The underground part of the house under normal conditions requires almost a third of the financial costs provided for in the estimate documentation. It would be reasonable to assume that a foundation on peat would attract a significantly larger sum into the construction process. In this regard, before starting work, you should carefully weigh everything, as well as decide on your financial capabilities. Savings in such situations are inappropriate - neither in materials, nor in labor.

In order for a house built on marshy soil to serve for a long time and not rise above the planning mark as a result of seasonal freezing, it is necessary first of all to make a drainage system on a still empty site. Its functions will include lowering the water level in the built-up, and in the future - in the exploited territory. If necessary, during the period of work along the perimeter of the site, an additional trench is dug for the construction of a temporary drainage ditch, leaving it open. This will allow surface water to be diverted from the site.

As practice has shown, the most successful options for swampy soil are three types of foundation:

• piles;
• shallow-depth tape;
• non-buried slab.

Let's consider each of them separately.

Metal and reinforced concrete piles

The foundation on peat piles has quite a few advantages:

• lack of large-scale earthworks;
• device in a short time;
• undemanding to the planning of uneven terrain;
• carrying out work in almost any weather;
• stability of the house subject to technological processes;
• durability.

When building a foundation for a house, piles can be used:

• screw;
• reinforced concrete;
• bored.

Screw piles do not need special mechanisms, so a small “home” team can mount a similar foundation in a swamp with their own hands. Metal products are screwed in by hand until the end of the pipe is in a strong and stable soil layer. The level of its occurrence is determined by the results of preliminary geological studies. According to the same indicators, it is calculated what height the screw piles should be, taking into account their elevation above ground level.

Reinforced concrete piles are driven by indentation or vibration. For this, unlike screw analogues, heavy mechanisms will be required. Bored piles are installed according to their technology. All the nuances are indicated in the project documentation and technological maps.

Strip foundation

Shallow structures are used for light structures, which include wooden frame houses. The belts are laid above the freezing depth of the soil, therefore, in winter, they are subjected to the buoyant effect of frost heaving forces. But this does not bring serious damage to the house, since the structure on a rigid reinforced concrete tape either rises or falls without violating the integrity of the structure.

It should be noted that a well-made sand cushion, laid under the foundation on peat, significantly compensates for the seasonal movements of the ground part of the house. The underground structure is additionally insulated, which reduces the problems associated with heaving soils.

To date, a shallow strip foundation is the most economical option for arranging a foundation on swampy soil.

slab foundation

Reinforced concrete slab is located under the entire area of ​​the house. The technology of its laying boils down to the fact that at the initial stage, a meter-long layer of soil is removed at the site of the future structure, the bottom of the pit is rammed, after which a sand and gravel cushion is laid out under the foundation in layers. In other words, there is a partial replacement of the problematic soil under the future slab.

Next, formwork is installed and a waterproofing layer is laid. Then the reinforcing mesh is mounted and the slab is poured with concrete mix. The pillow in the slab foundation performs the function of a compensator, being between the heaving soil and the slab, which, in turn, distributes the loads from the structure as evenly as possible.

A slab construction for a house built on swampy soil is considered reliable. But for owners of problem areas, it costs more than the first two options for building a foundation.

The most difficult type of foundation for a house is traditionally a foundation in a swamp. Therefore, a limited number of building technologies are used that can compensate for the inevitable annual settlement of the building and the forces of frost heaving.

Without soil reinforcement, a pile-screw grillage is usually used. For a floating slab, part of the soil will have to be replaced with non-metallic material. If you donate time, you can drain the site by loading with simultaneous vertical drainage (2 - 3 years) in order to support the building on a strip foundation.

When examining a wetland, recommendations for surveys on soft soils are used. The main difficulties are:

• the presence of weak strata, a layer of roots/vegetation;
• abundance of water on the surface, in the lower horizons;
• uneven mineralization, ash content.

In a normal state, the moisture content of peat is 150 - 300%, therefore, already during construction, the foundation in the swamp will begin to sink under its own weight. The problem is solved in several ways:

• passing through unstable horizons, supporting piles on layers with sufficient bearing capacity, making a slab, lattice prefabricated or monolithic grillage based on their heads;
• an increase in the supporting surface of the foundation (slab), pumping out water, partial replacement of the peat bog with crushed stone over a layer of dornite, geotextiles;
• drainage of the site with vertical drains with a simultaneous increase in the design resistance of the soil by loading the building spot with non-metallic material from above, after which it is possible to pour a monolithic MZLF with measures to eliminate swelling.

Only a specialist can determine which method is best for a particular project. The lack of construction practice and specialized education will not allow an individual developer to do this.

Soils in the swamp

The complex of geological surveys costs about 30,000 rubles. Therefore, individual developers often neglect them, independently tearing pits in the building spot to a depth of 2–2.5 m to study soils. If you lay a pile-screw foundation on swampy soil in the project, you can save this amount:

• it is enough to buy a pile for trial screwing;
• immerse it in 3 - 4 places on the site to get an idea of ​​the depth of the bearing layer.

The method is called - trial screwing, it is always done manually, when the pile reaches dense soil, this is reflected in a sharp increase in the torque required for further twisting of the pile.

• in the first case, the thickness of the foundation is 30–40 cm, the structure is reinforced with two meshes of bars 8–16 mm, clamps of rods 6–8 mm, with a protective layer of 5–7 cm;
• UWhP stiffeners are reinforced with frames connected to the main reinforcement meshes, the thickness of the foundation is reduced to 10-15 cm (excluding stiffeners), in addition to the lower heat-insulating layer (EPS polystyrene foam 10 cm in two layers), the contours of the warm floor are embedded in the upper part, the surface sanded after 50% hardening.

So that the foundation in the swamp is not subjected to heaving forces, freezing, the side faces and the blind area are also insulated with polystyrene foam. The swampy terrain is characterized by a flat relief, so the slabs are not subjected to lateral shear loads.

Pile-screw grillage

Technologies for the design and manufacture of pile foundations are regulated by SP 24.13330 of 2011. The main difficulty lies in choosing a reliable manufacturer of screw piles. Many small firms produce them “on the knee”, using used or seam pipe, which is a serious violation of technology.

In the absence of lathes, it is extremely difficult to center the SHS tip with the axis of the tubular body. Therefore, when immersed, the pile loosens the soil instead of compacting the soil. The bearing capacity and resource of the cottage are reduced, respectively.

Svayakh has no restrictions:

• the relief of the swamp is 100% even, therefore, either immersion with an electric drill with a multiplier is used;
• the tightening force is controlled quite simply, so the piles rest on layers with a normal bearing capacity;
• for tying the heads, a wooden (log house, frame, SIP panels), metal or monolithic (brick, concrete walls) grillage are used

The foundation in the swamp should be protected as much as possible from aggressive environments. Therefore, with insufficient anticorrosion protection of SHS, the outer surface should be additionally coated with special compounds. The most reliable is hot-dip galvanizing, which has a self-healing effect.

Load method

The inert material squeezes water by its own weight into vertical drains, gradually settling to the design level, compacting the loose soils underneath. After 6 - 10 months, it is possible to build a strip foundation using standard technology.

Thus, on a swampy area, it is possible to build a grillage pile-screw foundation, a floating slab. Or drain the site with vertical drains with loading the building spot with inert materials for the construction of a strip foundation.

The construction of the foundation involves certain difficulties and is associated with financial costs. Very often, the construction of the foundation takes a quarter of the cost of the future building. But nevertheless, saving on the basis is considered unacceptable, because it is the basis of the structure, and it is on it that all the load falls.

Therefore, with any attempt to save on the foundation, very disastrous consequences can arise. An unreliable base can be a source of cold and moisture penetrating inside the building, as well as lead to cracking of the walls, compromising the integrity of the entire structure.

There are times when building the foundation of a house is even more problematic than usual. It's about foundation in the swamp. Such soils are characterized by a number of disadvantages:

1. They are characterized by low bearing capacity. It turns out that when significant loads are applied to the soil, it simply cannot withstand them and the structure seems to fail.

2. Another problem is seasonal changes in ground levels. This is especially observed in the spring, when there is a significant rise in the groundwater level due to snowmelt.

Considering all of the above, foundation in the swamp must meet a number of special requirements, which will be discussed in more detail below.

The right choice of base type

Due to a number of soil imperfections, many people think about how what foundation in the swamp should be built. If the choice is made incorrectly, this can lead to the destruction of the building when the ground level changes. In addition, the building may begin to go underground under its own weight a few years after construction. For this reason, the issue of choosing and calculating the foundation should be approached with all responsibility.

To date, there are several options to find a solution to this problem. Consider, what foundation in the swamp would be the best option:

1. Pile foundation, the price of which is the most reasonable. This solution is an excellent option if the construction needs to be completed as soon as possible. Piles are of two types: bored and reinforced concrete. In the process of arranging the foundation, they are laid to a depth of about 12 meters. If we are talking about soils of a complex type, then the depth of the pile can reach 25 meters. This is done with the aim that the pile foundation simply passes through the unstable swampy layer and rests on a solid foundation. This approach ensures the immunity of the structure to seasonal fluctuations in the soil level.

Such work can be completed within two to three days, and the cost of their implementation is low. Construction can be carried out at any time of the year, both in summer and in winter.

2. Monolithic base. It is the most expensive type of foundation, which is the best option for work on unstable soils. Construction of a slab foundation carried out both single-storey and multi-storey buildings. In fact, this is a large monolithic slab, which is deepened to the level of soil freezing.

Even with strong heaving of the soil around the foundation, this fact does not affect its strength in any way, and the high weight of the structure prevents the building from rising. Due to its high strength, such a base is able to withstand significant tensile or compression loads, as well as bending, which is why it is a monolithic foundation in the swamp for the house most often built on swampy soils. The disadvantages of such structures include their high cost, because a large amount of composition is required to fill such a foundation. Though strip foundation cost and lower than monolithic analogues, such foundations are not recommended to be erected on marsh soils.

3. Monolithic shallow foundation. It is considered something between a pile and a monolithic option, which is reflected both in the cost of construction and in the timing. shallowly buried foundation in the swamp for the house well proven due to the excellent resistance to heaving soils. At the same time, its small thickness does not allow such a base to withstand severe compressive loads. For this reason, it is only suitable for small frame or wooden buildings.

Which version of the foundation is easiest to build on your own

Since many home craftsmen decide to build houses with their own hands, first of all they should know which foundation for a house in a swamp will be the best option, both in terms of economy and in terms of reliability.

Unfortunately, it is practically impossible to pour a pile foundation on swampy soils without involving specialists in this process. Here it is necessary to determine the thickness of the swampy layer, which will help to correctly calculate the depth of the foundation. In addition, only professional builders have at their disposal heavy special equipment that allows you to quickly drive piles underground to a depth of about 20 meters. Therefore, one should not even attempt to independently arrange such grounds without having specialized equipment.

As for the shallow and monolithic bases, they are quite suitable for pouring without the use of special equipment. However, to carry out the work, you will have to rent a concrete mixer, because in order to pour foundation for a house in a swamp, tens of tons of concrete will be required.

Monolithic foundation pouring technology

Now let's take a closer look at . The best time for such construction work is the second half of summer, since this period is characterized by a minimum level of groundwater, while rains are observed quite rarely. Warm air will also contribute to the rapid solidification of the composition, which is typical for this time of year. So, it will be possible to refuse expensive building additives.

Start building a house should be in the presence of a finished project. Only in this case the accuracy of calculations will be ensured and all errors will be excluded. When drawing up a plan, it is advisable to indent 30 centimeters for the foundation for the perimeter of the house on each side.

The work is carried out in several stages:

1. By means of stakes and a nylon cord, the place where the foundation will be located is indicated.

2. A pit is being dug, about one and a half meters deep. To accurately determine the location of the foundation, it is best to use the services of specialists who can measure the depth of soil freezing. Such calculations can be made by InnovaStroy specialists. Excavation involves the excavation of many cubic meters of land, and of course, it is not possible to perform such a volume of work with an ordinary shovel. It is best to hire an excavator for this.

3. Crushed stone is poured at the bottom of the pit, which must be evenly distributed with a thickness of about 30 cm. Then the same amount of sand is poured, evenly distributed and compacted.

Due to the presence of a cement-sand cushion, it is possible to solve several problems at the same time: to achieve a uniform distribution of the future building on the bearing soil; reduce the effect of soil heaving; quickly remove moisture from the foundation due to snow melting and precipitation.

4. A layer of waterproofing is laid on top of the crushed stone-sand cushion. For these purposes, it would be best to use roofing material, since it is not only durable, but also highly efficient and able to withstand severe tensile loads without breaking.

5. The roofing material should not only cover the bottom of the pit, but also go onto its walls to a height of at least 30 cm.

6. At the next stage, the reinforcement cage is prepared, for which steel bars and knitting wire are used. You can connect the frame elements by welding. Such a design should cover the entire volume of the foundation, which will ensure the resistance of concrete to bending and tensile loads. The reinforcement is located in two layers: in the upper and lower parts of the foundation.

7. Next, a concrete solution is prepared. For this, it is best to use cement grades M400 and M500. These are the most durable options that can ensure the stability of the future building on heaving soils. A concrete mixer should be used to mix the composition.

9. After that, the composition is compacted by means of vibration equipment, which will make its structure homogeneous, eliminating air bubbles.

10. At the last stage, it is necessary to allow the concrete to gain the necessary strength. This usually takes at least three weeks. It should be remembered that the final setting time of the composition depends on a number of factors, including air humidity, foundation thickness, ambient temperature, etc.

We have considered how to make a foundation in a swamp, what type of base to choose and how to carry out work on pouring the composition. Despite the apparent simplicity, such work involves a number of nuances and the use of specialized equipment, and therefore it is best to entrust them to professionals.

Professional construction work of any complexity

If you are interested, how to build a foundation in a swamp, and at the same time you do not have the necessary building skills, then InnovaStroy will be able to do all the work for you. Our specialists are able to perform construction work of any complexity, including the calculation of the foundation on swampy soils with its subsequent pouring.

We can implement foundation construction in the Moscow region in the shortest possible time. At the same time, the work will be carried out with high professionalism. In addition, InnovaStroy specialists are able to develop a project for a house of any complexity and complete the construction of a building on a turnkey basis.