Wiring diagram for a solid fuel boiler for your home. Economical heating system for a country house based on a solid fuel boiler, from “A” to “Z” Connecting a wood-burning boiler to the heating system

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Solid fuel boilers are gaining popularity again today. The reason for the increased interest in this type of heating equipment lies in several aspects. The greater power and autonomy of solid fuel mechanisms, compared with gas and electricity, provide the consumer with ample opportunities for equipping an autonomous heating system in the home. Installation of a solid fuel boiler is especially important for residents of those areas where there is no centralized gas supply. In terms of choosing a heating device and heating system, the fact that for installation on solid fuel does not require obtaining official permission from the supervisory and control authorities is captivating.

The installation of the heating boiler is carried out taking into account the design data. Further, the working heating system is subject to registration by the Ministry of Emergency Situations authorities responsible for stove heating and the safety of objects heated by solid fuels. Schematically, the installation and connection of solid fuel heating units is as follows.

Having assessed all the obvious advantages of individual heating using fossil fuels or wood waste, the pros and cons of solid fuel appliances, you can safely begin installing heating equipment in a private home. The only thing that is of interest in this situation is how to connect a home solid fuel boiler to other devices and to the heating system itself

Let's consider the features and nuances of connecting equipment of all types.

What is special about connecting a solid fuel boiler? Important nuances

At the moment, quite a variety of schemes for connecting solid fuel boilers to an individual heating system are used in everyday life. In each individual case, the type of boiler, what fuel is supplied to the heating device and what its power is taken into account. The main tasks and requirements that are set for heating devices are space heating, operation of the hot water system, the required level of comfort and operating conditions.

How to connect a solid fuel boiler to the system, if already at the development and planning stage there was a desire to establish interaction between a solid fuel boiler and an electrical appliance. When it comes to directly installing the unit and connecting it to all elements of the entire heating complex, a lot of questions arise.

A correctly drawn up thermal diagram is the key to successful installation and connection of equipment. A smart decision would be to order the development of the project from a specialized institution. If you decide to do everything yourself, you will need certain technical knowledge, skills and the participation of professionals. The reason to turn to the services of specialists is that it differs significantly from the gas autonomous heating and heating scheme with electricity that we are all used to.

Moreover, the subsequent operation of the entire heating system and the profitability of individual heating depend on how correctly the solid fuel heating device is connected.

Important! It should be remembered when working with solid fuel units that the operating temperature of the boiler varies in the range of 60-90 0 C, no less and no more. Painstaking and careful adjustment of the heating temperature is required to reach operating mode due to the inertia of boiler equipment of this type.

Eg: you are using a heating device in operating mode at a temperature below the permissible limits. The temperature of the coolant in the return circuit is below 55 0 C (dew point) leads to the formation of an excessive amount of condensate, which begins to flow out of the boiler. Firstly, a large amount of soot is formed on the walls of the firebox, which settles on the heat exchanger and accumulates on the walls of the chimney, reducing its cross-section. As a result, precious efficiency indicators of the heating device are lost, and difficulties arise with its maintenance. Secondly, the boiler room takes on an untidy appearance.

The installation of the boiler is preceded by work related to connecting the heating equipment to the pipeline system. , despite the complex and expensive equipment, it should be simple and understandable. To connect the product, the heating configuration must meet the following minimum requirements:

there must be a large and small circuit through which water circulates;
the pipeline must have good permeability;
installation of the pipeline must be carried out in accordance with the parameters specified on the specification.

Ventilation plays an important role in home heating. The device must be connected to a ventilation system, the construction of which is carried out strictly in accordance with existing norms and standards. Properly equipped exhaust hood and ventilation not only facilitate the operation of the boiler, but also guarantee the safe operation of a complex unit in a residential building.

Traditional connection diagram for solid fuel boilers

The basis of almost any autonomous heating system used today is connection. It is this connection that is the key to the safety of the entire heating complex. Preliminary thermal calculations allow the coolant to be easily supplied to a special container that performs storage functions. If necessary, while the main mechanism is cooling, the heating system takes coolant of the required temperature from the heat accumulator.

A heater with a heat accumulator can operate in a constant operating mode, maintaining the highest possible efficiency, while saving precious fuel.

For reference: At the design stage, you can calculate the volume of the storage tank, taking into account the power of the device. Such calculations are important, first of all, to calculate the number of times the boiler is loaded with fuel to heat a living space for two or three days.

Often, it is with the help of an expansion tank that the temperature of the coolant in the heating circuit is adjusted. Below is shown the place of the heat accumulator in the entire unified heating system of a private house.

The expansion tank is a mandatory element of the entire system, on which hot water supply is based. The hot water supply circuit is placed in a heat accumulator, where the heated coolant gives off its heat to running water circulating through the DHW circuit. Without an expansion tank it is impossible to install a heated floor connection. Long-burning boilers together with a heat accumulator are ideal for arranging heating systems of the “warm floors” type. Due to the expansion tank, the required temperature of the coolant is created, which then enters the pipeline laid on the floor. Heating "warm floor" in this form has maximum efficiency.

For calculations: The volume of the heat accumulator is taken at the rate of 25-30 liters. capacitive volume per 1 kW of boiler power.

Connection diagrams for solid fuel boilers together with an expansion storage tank represent a complex of complex and expensive equipment. Despite the high cost of such heating schemes, the investment and your efforts will pay off soon.

Other connection diagrams for a solid fuel heater

We connect the device to the main line with admixture

The design of the heating system in this case includes the following elements:

heating equipment safety group (thermostatic valve, safety valve);
expansion tank (heat accumulator);
a circulation pump that supplies coolant to the entire system;
shut-off valves.

This scheme is different in that it has an additional mixing circuit and taps, with the help of which you can easily volume the coolant in the mixing circuit. This type of connection allows you to keep heating radiators at a comfortable temperature, despite the fact that the heating boiler operates in optimal mode.

Eg: in a pyrolysis boiler, the water temperature is 70-80 0 C, the heating system for living rooms produces a coolant temperature for the batteries of no more than 65 0 C.

Connecting a solid fuel unit with a hydraulic boom

This type of connection is used in situations where the heating system has more than one circuit. The hydraulic distributor or hydraulic arrow performs the task of a fuse, excluding the hydraulic action of the circulation pumps installed on each circuit. The hydraulic arrow simultaneously acts as a sludge catcher and degasses the entire heating complex.

The connection diagram for a solid fuel boiler with a hydraulic boom in a house consists of the following elements:

control devices;
expansion tank;
two circulation pumps independent from each other;
hydraulic boom;
heating radiators;
distribution combs (dirt collectors).

Connecting a solid fuel boiler with an electric or gas boiler

The heating system can include a whole set of heating devices, the task of which is to complement each other if necessary. Coal or wood boilers are used as the main source of the heating unit, while an electric or gas unit performs auxiliary functions.

Connecting an electric boiler to a solid fuel boiler is carried out in order to combine all the main units into a single automated heating system.

On a note: Electric boilers usually duplicate the work of traditional wood-burning boilers. When the combustion in the furnace of the main boiler weakens, this happens especially often at night, the electric heating device starts up.

The electric heating device also serves as a trigger for the solid fuel boiler.

The connection is made through a buffer tank, which plays the role of a hydraulic separator and a heat accumulator. The attenuation of the flame in the boiler furnace leads to the fact that the temperature of the coolant in the expansion tank begins to drop, therefore, the electric heating is automatically turned on. When the main boiler resumes operation, the reverse process occurs. The heated coolant flows back to the sensor and the electric heater turns off. What kind of device should work is decided by automation.

An approximate diagram is shown in the figure below

The system is viable and highly efficient, however, such a set of heating devices has a very high cost. Basically, a similar scheme is used for heating large residential buildings.

How to connect your unit to ventilation and chimney

Connecting a solid fuel boiler to a chimney is one of the key tasks, the solution of which determines the subsequent functionality of not only the heating device, but also the entire heating system. Your home, in which you want to have a comfortable microclimate and coziness, must be protected from harmful combustion products.

For those who want to make a chimney with their own hands, there are some practical tips.

the chimney pipe must have a diameter no less than the cross-section of the outlet pipe;
when the chimney has a rectangular shape and the boiler outlet pipe is made round, it is necessary to compare them in terms of the flow area.
the length of the chimney from the first bend should not exceed two pipe diameters. The chimney should have a minimum number of turns and bends.
for better draft, the horizontal section of the chimney in relation to the heating boiler is located at an angle of 45 0 (an inclination angle towards the boiler of 30 and 15 degrees is allowed).

In the latter case, compliance with the angle of inclination is not necessary if the heating boiler is equipped with a blower.

In the video you can get the necessary information on how to install the chimney of a solid fuel boiler.

Conclusion

Installing a solid fuel boiler involves a complex and painstaking process. Many factors depend on which connection scheme you choose. The efficiency of autonomous heating will appear immediately after the solid fuel boiler is put into operation. Turning on the boiler will clearly show whether the heating unit is connected correctly and how all other system elements and devices function. During the first start-up, you can identify technical shortcomings and mistakes, which can be eliminated to optimize all processes. A normally operating mechanism will provide the system with the necessary amount of coolant for a heated floor. A correctly calculated expansion tank capacity guarantees you enough water for domestic hot water.

Despite progress in the field of electrification and gasification of the country, there are still many places where these communications are practically absent. But even where they exist, many people prefer to install autonomous heating and hot water supply in their homes.

To do this, a solid fuel boiler is installed, which allows you to get heat and hot water in a private house, cottage or summer house with much lower operating costs and financial investments. The choice of this type of equipment is quite large, but all of it has fairly clear connection diagrams for various types of heating.

Purpose of the device

Solid fuel is a complex unit that heats circulating water by burning various fuels (wood, coal, sawdust, peat, pellets, etc.).

The boiler can be single-circuit, used only for space heating, or double-circuit, capable of not only heating the building, but also heating water using a storage or flow method. For this purpose, a built-in DHW system is used.

Types of solid fuel boilers

These devices differ in the types of fuel used, the number of fireboxes and combustion chambers, the method of fuel supply, and the material from which they are made. There are several types of solid fuel boilers.

Continuous combustion heaters

They are made of cast iron or steel, contain one or two fireboxes, run only on coal and wood, the operating cycle is 4–6 hours, the fuel is supplied manually. The control circuit for such equipment is mainly mechanical, the boiler temperature is 60–70 degrees, the difference between the flow and return is 20 degrees.

Power consumption is from 7 to 50 kW, and efficiency is 80–90%.

These are the most inexpensive boilers; they are used where there is no gas pipeline; they are often connected to the heating system as a backup.

Long burning devices

Steel single-fuel units - the firebox is located on top, which ensures longer burning of one load (wood for more than 24 hours, coal for up to 144 hours) and uniform heating of the coolant.

Works on firewood and its derivatives (briquettes, sawdust, shavings, etc.), as well as on coal. Boiler temperature 70–80 degrees, power up to 50 kW, efficiency – 90–95%. Fuel is supplied manually.

Pyrolysis solid fuel

They are made of steel and have two chambers connected by a nozzle. The technology is that the main fuel (dry firewood with a moisture content of no more than 25%), burning in the first chamber, releases flammable wood gas, which ignites in the second chamber.

The operating cycle if a buffer tank is connected is possible from 6 hours to a day, the operating temperature of the boiler is from 70 to 95 degrees, power consumption is up to 120 kW, efficiency is 90–95%.

These boilers are much more expensive than others, but more efficient and environmentally friendly, because... a minimum of ash is formed, and there is no soot at all.

Pellet

Steel units operate on granules (pellets) made from wood waste - sawdust, shavings, etc. If there are removable grates, it is possible to use coal and firewood.

The achieved temperature is 70–80 degrees, power up to 400 kW, operating cycle from 24 to 144 hours.

The fuel supply circuit in such boilers can be automated and controlled electronically. This type of equipment is used for heating large areas.

Connection methods

A fairly common method is to connect the water heater to the system in a closed circuit.

The housing is not equipped with an expansion tank, circulation pump and other elements that ensure the safety of its operation. Therefore, all this equipment must be included on the side of the thermal circuit.

Open

When inserting the device into the system, it must be remembered that the expansion of the coolant in these units often becomes uncontrollable.

Therefore, it is better to install a solid fuel boiler using an open circuit, when excess water, when overheated, will simply pour out through the expansion tank tube. Otherwise, increased pressure in the pipes can lead to their rupture.

With mixing unit

The second connection method involves the presence of a mixing unit. According to the instructions, the coolant at the entrance to the boiler must have a heating temperature of at least 60 degrees in order to avoid large thermal differences. Violation of this point will reduce the service life of the unit and lead to excessive contamination.

To avoid such surprises, a mixing unit must be connected to the heater piping, which will, if necessary, supply hot water from the pipeline and mix it with cold water from the system.

Buffer

The third method is a diagram for connecting a buffer tank to the boiler piping to regulate the water temperature. When the coolant is at a high temperature, the buffer absorbs excess heat, and after the boiler cools down, it releases it to the heating system.

Thus, the thermal circuit is protected from sudden changes, which allows you to maintain a constant temperature in the house.

Step-by-step installation progress

Any instructions supplied with the boiler contain recommendations for installing the equipment. Installation of a solid fuel boiler must be carried out strictly according to the manufacturer’s instructions and technical rules.

The sequence of actions must be followed.

Base

First, you should build a solid base of non-combustible material under the bottom 20 cm wider than the base of the unit; it is best to pour a concrete base. After this, you need to install the boiler on a solid base, taking into account all distances, and adjust the horizontal and vertical positions of the device.

Connecting pipes and safety elements

Adhering to the connection diagram, insert a complete safety group for this type of boiler, which is installed up to the shut-off valves.

After this, the heating pipes should be connected, it is advisable to make the connection through shut-off valves, and carefully seal the joints with flax or plumbing tape.

Chimney

Final stage

At the next stage, you can fill the heating system with water at higher pressure and check for leaks. After which it is necessary to check the location of the grates, dampers, plugs, and fireclay stones. At the end of the installation, you need to reduce the water pressure to working pressure, install dampers in the chimney and firebox, and load firewood.

Now you can light the boiler, when the design temperature is reached, turn on the thermostat to the selected heat supply level for comfortable heating of the room and do not forget to add firewood to the firebox in a timely manner.

Mandatory rules for operation

It is prohibited to use substances that emit toxic substances for kindling (gasoline, diesel fuel, scraps of chipboard, laminate);
the width of the passage around the boiler must be at least 1 meter;
fuel and flammable substances must be kept at a distance of at least 40 cm from the unit;
equipment must be regularly inspected and slag and ash removed before each kindling;
Clean the firebox and ash pan daily to avoid clogging the chimney.

With proper operation of the equipment, your home will always have a comfortable temperature.

The main reasons why people living in the private sector choose a solid fuel heating system for their home are ease of operation, cost-effectiveness and high efficiency. In order to correctly install such equipment, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the heating diagram of a private house with a solid fuel boiler, and also follow the installation recommendations.

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Gas pipelines and stable power supplies in Russia are still not available in every region. In addition, electricity is not cheap. Outside the city, there are often power outages, and it is not always possible to use gas. That is why the installation of solid fuel heating boilers in a private house has a lot of advantages:

However, each system has not only pros, but also cons. The disadvantages of such equipment include:

1. Fire hazard. It applies more to diesel and gas devices, but if there is a problem with the wiring, it can also occur with an electric boiler. The connection diagram for a solid fuel boiler is as dangerous as all other types of systems.
2. It is necessary to control how much coolant is in the firebox. You cannot simply turn on solid fuel equipment and forget about its operation. Coolant can be added to pellet boilers and long-term combustion devices less frequently, but such systems are less autonomous.
3. The fuel combustion process is difficult to control, while in gas and electric models you can simply turn off the electricity or turn off the gas.

Correct connection of a long-burning solid fuel boiler DTM

Types of boilers

Systems differ depending on the coolant they operate on. Most often used the following fuel:

peat;
firewood;
wood waste;
briquettes and pellets;
coal.

There are also combined type boilers. They can operate on two or more coolants (for example, wood fuel + gas/diesel, wood/electricity, etc.). Their use is beneficial in such cases:

In addition, there are long-burning boilers. Such equipment is divided into three types:

1. With top ignition. The flame spreads from top to bottom, so the stash burns more slowly.
2. With restrictions on air supply and an extended firebox. The flame is distributed horizontally. By reducing the amount of oxygen required for combustion, the intensity of the flame can be reduced.
3. Pyrolysis. They have two chambers, in one of them the coolant burns, and in the other the gases that evaporate during combustion are burned. Such equipment is very effective, but it has a higher price than other models.

We teach how to operate boilers - SAVING ELECTRICITY! Cheap and cheerful!

Device strapping

The boiler kit rarely includes an automation system, a pump and a safety group. The owner purchases all the necessary elements additionally, based on the characteristics of the equipment. The next step is to make the system more functional. Useful for this such devices:

Open gravity flow system

Before connecting a solid fuel heating boiler with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the main types of wiring. There are several of them.

An open type system with natural circulation is the safest scheme for heating a house with a solid fuel boiler. It has the following features:

1. An expansion tank is located in the circuit (it is placed in the highest area of the pipeline).
2. The system does not have a circulation pump. Water moves through natural circulation. For this scheme, pipes with a large cross-section are used; they are placed at a slight angle so that water can flow freely.

How to properly connect a solid fuel boiler to the heating system

An open system has many advantages. The following can be distinguished advantages of this scheme:

1. Heating does not depend on electricity, since the system does not have a circulation pump.
2. Devices for piping are inexpensive (no pump required, an open tank costs less than a membrane tank).

However, the scheme also has disadvantages. You should pay attention to these negative factors when using it:

Closed circuit with natural circulation

This scheme also does not have a circulation pump, but there is another type of expansion tank - a membrane (closed) one. Here the configuration is similar to the previous system (large-diameter pipes placed at a slight angle), but several disadvantages inherent in open systems will be avoided:

1. Oxygen does not enter the pipeline through a closed tank; accordingly, corrosion will develop more slowly.
2. There is no need to constantly restore the amount of energy carrier in the circuit.

Solid fuel boiler piping

A closed system with natural circulation is an excellent option. However, when using it, be sure to consider the following details:

1. The tank capacity must contain at least 10% of the amount of energy carrier.
2. A fuse must be installed on the supply pipe. Then, at a pressure of more than 3 atmospheres, the valve will get rid of excess coolant.
3. An air vent must be installed in the upper area of the circuit.

Installation features

Installation of a solid fuel boiler with a pump can only be carried out in a closed system. Forced circulation has the following advantages:

1. The room will warm up evenly, the coolant moves at high speed.
2. There is no need to use large pipes. It is best to use polypropylene products rather than plastic ones.
3. Installation is as simple as possible; there is no need to place pipes at an angle.

But with forced flow, the pressure will be higher, so increased requirements are placed on the safety group.

Installing such a circuit does not exclude the possibility of switching to gravity mode in the event of a pump malfunction or a failure in the power system. The circulation pump is connected in parallel and with shut-off valves on the bypass.

Usually the pump is installed in the pipeline in the area of the return pipe near the boiler, since this place is the lowest temperature. This approach allows you to save device resources. In addition, this is the safest, since when placed on the supply pipe, the vapors will block the circulation if the liquid boils in the boiler. A filter is placed in front of the pump in the return line area.

Collector wiring

In a long branched pipeline, a single pump may not be enough. In such a situation, several devices are installed, sometimes they can even install one on each circuit (separately on the heated floor, hot water supply, radiators). The heated floor has a temperature of about 50 degrees, so the pump can be installed at the entrance to the circuit.

Manifold wiring is best suited for a large private house. The energy carrier moves to each circuit from the boiler through the pipe intended for it. The water does not cool down, the heat will be distributed evenly.

The collector consists of at least a return and forward comb. The necessary lines are located at their ends; return and direct loop pipes are connected in parallel to the fittings. A fuse and a pressure gauge are located at the inlet to the manifold. On the opposite side, an air vent is installed on the warm comb, and a tap is installed on the cold comb, designed to drain energy from the equipment. To ensure that the circuits have different temperature conditions, taps are installed in the pipes for adjustment.

Another option that allows you to set different temperature conditions is a water gun. To do this, a pipe with a large cross-section is placed vertically and connected to the boiler return and a straight pipe. Circuits are connected to the body in various areas. The higher the connection, the hotter the energy carrier will be.

In small circuits, the temperature regime can be adjusted in a different way. It is necessary to connect the ends of the combs to the bypass. If you open the valve, then the liquid from the return will mix with hot water from the supply pipe.

Security group

Safety level monitoring devices are needed to protect the pipeline from the effects of pressure problems, prevent overheating of the TTA device and normalize the temperature. Also, the devices do not allow condensation to form. Most often this happens due to an excessively high temperature spike between the return and supply. The normal temperature delta should be 20 degrees. The security groups category includes the following devices:

air vent;
control valves, including thermostatic valves;
emergency heat exchanger;
fuse to relieve excess pressure;
control pressure gauge.

TT boilers are not an environmentally friendly system, so installation will require a boiler room. When installing you need to take into account list of rules:

You need to make hatches in the chimney to remove soot. The condensate collector must be installed at the junction with the boiler.

Those parts of metal pipes that are located in cold areas should be protected with thermal insulation materials. Basalt wool is ideal for this.

TT boilers are perfect for installation in a country house. There are several heating schemes. Only the owner can decide which option suits him best. Whatever the choice, useful recommendations will help you complete the installation as efficiently as possible.

Installing a solid fuel boiler now will no longer mean smoke, soot and soot throughout the house. Now such systems have undergone many changes and are worthy of your attention. Why? Let's figure it out together.

This heating device is made mainly of cast iron or heat-resistant steel. Energy is released through the combustion of solid fuel. The materials used are wood, coal, and peat. Modern designs of solid fuel boilers are completely different from the first examples of such boilers. Thanks to the enlarged combustion chamber, it became possible to add a large amount of fuel at once. With today's boilers, you can ensure even 12-hour operation of the equipment without your supervision.

The firewood loading pattern can be vertical or frontal, depending on the design. There are systems with automatic loading. Other similar boilers can be non-volatile, in which the circulation of liquid occurs due to the slope of the pipes, and energy-dependent. The latter will be more economical; in them, water moves through the system under pressure, due to the operation of a special pump. True, in this case, the operation of the equipment depends on the voltage in the network, and the circuit is no longer completely autonomous.

Photo of a solid fuel boiler with automatic loading

Such equipment has a lot of advantages, although it is not without minor disadvantages. Let's look at them all in order. The main advantage is that you can install a solid fuel boiler yourself. Also, unlike gas wiring, you don’t have to run around to different services, wait in queues, obtain the appropriate permits, etc. The next significant advantage is cost-effectiveness.

Compared to a gas solid fuel system, it is 4 times cheaper, and with diesel fuel equipment it is 8 times cheaper. And what can we say about electric boilers, heating a house with them will cost as much as 17 times more than with solid fuel ones.

In the photo - a boiler with a solid fuel system

In addition, such equipment has a long service life, for example, for cast iron boilers it reaches 50 years. Steel units, however, can last you only 20 years, but this is also a lot. Modern devices are equipped with an electronic system, which greatly simplifies control. And don’t forget about maintainability. The operating scheme of such boilers assumes operation without the participation of gas or electricity, so another of their advantages includes partial or complete autonomy.

Now let's talk a little about the cons. Firstly, you will have to put firewood, coal and other fuel into the firebox yourself. It's not difficult, but it will take a little time and effort. Secondly, you will have to constantly monitor the condition of the boiler and, if necessary, clean it of ash formed on the walls and grate.

Correct connection of solid fuel boilers is, of course, necessary, but in order for the equipment to function properly and serve for a long time, it needs proper care. Very often, there are remains of combustion products in the firebox, for example, ash, soot. All this significantly reduces power. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly (at least once a week) clean these deposits from the walls of the firebox. The grate also needs cleaning. To remove unwanted ash, you just need to stir the coals using a special lever. By the way, this simple device will allow for emergency coal discharge if necessary.

Photo of connecting a solid fuel boiler

For proper functioning, you also need to monitor the draft in the chimney and the circulation of liquid throughout the system. For this purpose, the chimney is cleaned once a year. It is very important to properly insulate all areas located in unheated rooms. Otherwise, condensation will form in them, which will not allow combustion products to escape freely. And to improve the circulation of fluid in the system, you should install a pump. It is placed directly in front of the entrance to the boiler when the water returns to it. This will not only have the best effect on thermal characteristics, but will also allow you to save a little. The liquid will move faster and return to the boiler hot, which means less energy will be spent on its next heating.

Boiler installation diagram and procedure

Please note that installation is a very important matter, and any mistake will result in at least incorrect functioning of the system. But if you are not afraid to take risks, let’s turn to our step-by-step instructions.

How to install a solid fuel boiler - step by step diagram

Step 1: Select a location

Such equipment should be placed in a separate room. Basements or ground floors are most often used as a boiler room. Hot coals from the firebox can fall onto the floor, so the base under the boiler must be perfectly level and non-flammable. A concrete slab is perfect. Be sure to ensure that the body is in a strictly vertical position. Its distortions are unacceptable.

You also need to maintain the following distances. There should be more than half a meter between the back surface of the heating unit and the wall. And from the front side of the boiler to other objects and surfaces, a distance of at least 125 cm is maintained. The ceiling height cannot be less than 250 cm, and the volume of the room in which the heating equipment is located must be more than 15 cubic meters. Treat the floor and walls of the boiler room with special fire-fighting agents and take care of a good exhaust system.

Step 2: Preparing components

The circuit consists of a radiator, a pipe, a circulation pump, an expansion tank and the heating unit itself. The kit also includes a heat accumulator, air and safety valves, a pressure gauge and a thermostat. Be sure to check the serviceability of all elements when purchasing and give preference only to reliable manufacturers.

Step 3: Hardware Installation

We display the unit in the boiler room, adhering to all the above requirements. Pay special attention to the position of the body; it should be positioned strictly horizontally. Therefore, check the prepared area again with a level to see if it is level enough. Then we connect all electric heaters, if any are included in the package. In principle, there is nothing complicated about this, since there is a special place in the boiler itself where the heating element will be located, and next to this element there is a thermostat.

Step 4: Install Piping and Electronics

Connection diagrams for solid fuel boilers assume the presence of pipes. It is best to connect them through shut-off valves. The joints are additionally sealed with flax fibers or special plumbing tape. If we are talking about volatile units, then they, accordingly, should be connected to the network. Don't forget about grounding. Next, we install all the devices responsible for the safe operation of the equipment. This is a thermostat, valves, pressure gauge, draft sensor.

Step 5: Installation of the chimney

Today it is not at all necessary to lay a chimney out of brick; you can assemble it from special plastic elements. Wherein The diameter of the components is selected depending on the power of the equipment. Therefore, be sure to follow the recommendations given in the operating instructions for the selected boiler. Moreover, this stage is especially important, because the key to high-quality operation of a thermal unit is good traction.

Step 6: Filling the Outline

First, we fill the heating circuit with water so that the pressure is slightly higher than the working pressure, and carefully inspect the entire system, especially the joints. This way you will identify all leaks, if any. Then we carefully check whether the internal elements of the firebox are positioned correctly. These include the ignition valve, grates, fireclay stones and plugs.

Step 7: Connection

If the entire circuit is in order, no leaks are detected, then you need to relieve the pressure to operating pressure, adjust the position of the dampers and begin directly operating the heating device. To do this, add and light the fuel, and after 10 minutes close the damper. As soon as the temperature reaches 80 degrees, set the thermostat to the desired level. All that remains is to add firewood in time and enjoy the comfortable microclimate.

It often happens that in a private house there is no possibility of connecting to central communications due to the great distance from them. This problem is especially relevant for new cottage villages that are actively populated, but communications are planned to be completed in the next couple of years. If you find yourself in such a situation and want to live in your own home this coming winter, the best solution for you is to install an autonomous heating system with your own boiler room.

In most cases, cottage owners prefer solid fuel boiler models that burn wood, coal, and pellets. Solid fuel is familiar, effectively copes with its task and is inexpensive.

In this article we will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different connection schemes for boiler equipment operating on solid fuel, and we will tell you how to properly install the boiler so that the building’s heating system functions smoothly, efficiently and safely.

The procedure for installing a solid fuel boiler in a private house

The installation procedure traditionally includes 3 stages, including:

There are several strapping options, below we will talk about them in detail.

One of the most important stages that should be taken as seriously as possible is the arrangement of the boiler room (furnace room) - the room in which the boiler is supposed to be installed. The boiler room must be equipped in accordance with all fire safety requirements, including:

Also, in order to ensure fire safety, it is necessary to leave as much free space around the boiler as possible and not install it close to the wall.

Boiler piping diagrams

Owners of private houses who install their own heating system, as a rule, choose the simplest piping scheme. This option involves connecting boiler equipment to the heating system on both sides - to the supply pipeline and to the return pipeline - through a pair of pipes.

This wiring scheme is good because it is completely autonomous in relation to the power grid. Even in the event of power outages, the system will function properly.

The main and very significant drawback is that it is not possible to regulate the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the heating equipment, which can ultimately lead to such adverse consequences as the appearance of rust on the surface of the pipes and boiler.

This connection option is quite popular due to the fact that even a non-specialist can do it. At the same time, there are more complex piping schemes that require the possibility of adjusting the temperature of the coolant, which should not fall below 60 °C, and, at the same time, boiling is also extremely undesirable. Compliance with this condition allows us to eliminate the following adverse events:

a regularly occurring large temperature difference in the heat exchanger, which contributes to a reduction in the service life of the equipment and its maintenance-free operation;
condensate formed on the inner surface of the combustion chamber.

The latter is especially important, since condensate is nothing more than weak solutions of low concentration acids that can corrode the walls of the boiler.

Basic strapping scheme

When choosing a method for connecting a solid fuel boiler to the heating system, special attention should be paid to the installation of the mixing unit, as well as the safety group. The latter is the first element of the system encountered on the path of the heated coolant. The security group includes:

a pressure gauge that monitors the pressure in the system;
safety valve - discharge of excess coolant and steam;
an air vent that eliminates the occurrence of air jams;

Such equipment is presented in the “Related Products” section of our online store under the name “Security Group”. Its main purpose is to ensure trouble-free operation of the heating system. The pressure gauge, air vent and valve are mounted on a single manifold made of stainless steel. It allows you to reduce the pressure in the system automatically.

We advise you to read our article Types of safety automation for gas boilers on our Zen channel.

Installation of the mixing unit

After installing the safety group, you can begin installing the mixing unit - a return jumper connecting the supply circuit of the heating system with the return circuit. During operation of the system, the liquid, bypassing the heating devices, gives off heat and returns to the boiler for heating.

If this circuit operates correctly, when the coolant temperature drops below 60 °C, the jumper will open automatically, a small volume of hot water will enter the return circuit and the temperature will return to the desired value.

Solid fuel boilers "Kupper" are universal heating equipment capable of operating in open and closed systems, where forced or natural coolant circulation is provided. Such a boiler can act either as an independent source of heat energy, or as an additional one - as part of an existing heating circuit, in tandem with another boiler running on gas, electricity or liquid fuel.

An additional advantage of purchasing a Kupper boiler from the Teplodar company is that a thermometer for temperature control is included with the heating equipment.

Connecting a solid fuel boiler with a heat accumulator

If the boiler does not have the option of automatic fuel supply, you will have to monitor the amount of fuel in the firebox yourself and periodically load a new portion into the flame. The more actively the boiler is heated, the more intensively the heating system works. This is not very convenient, because a lot of time is spent on the above manipulations to maintain the desired temperature in the room.

This inconvenience can be partially overcome by a buffer tank - a kind of heat accumulator, which is a tank of water, which is heated from the supply circuit of the heating system. The list of advantages of installing it is:

the ability to reduce the elevated coolant temperature at the peak of boiler operation;
heat transfer to the cooled coolant when the temperature of the liquid in the system decreases.

It takes quite a long time for such a heat accumulator to cool down. When choosing a buffer tank, assume that for a house with an area of 150 m2 or more you will need a tank with a volume of at least 1 m3.

Additional mixing unit

An additional mixing unit is mounted in the area between the buffer tank and the heating radiators. This element of the system connects the return and supply circuits and allows you to avoid strong temperature differences when the coolant almost begins to boil at the peak of the boiler operation.

By the way, for solid fuel boilers “Kupper” with an automatic pellet burner, an additional mixing unit is not needed and when installing them, you can safely limit yourself to the most primitive piping scheme.

In the Kupper OVK 10 model, an automatic pellet burner (APG) is installed in place of the ash door of the boiler, and the container into which pellets are loaded and the built-in control panel are installed on the boiler itself, which saves space in the room. Before starting the work process, the operating parameters of the heating system are set on the remote control. Using an automatic remote control, you can control the ignition, combustion process and maintain a balanced temperature of the coolant without the participation of additional mixing units that complicate installation. Another advantage of this model is that the ash is partially removed under the influence of a built-in high-power fan.

This boiler is suitable for installation in rooms up to 100 m² and can be used in a residential building, country house, garage, and other places. The equipment can be easily integrated into different types of heating systems. A nice bonus is the presence of a stove with a hob.

Emergency circuit connection diagram

One of the obvious and most common problems that occur in heating systems with solid fuel boilers is overheating of the coolant. It is extremely undesirable to allow hot water to be converted into steam and to cool it down to the required levels in a timely manner.

There are three simple and effective methods of cooling the coolant:

In addition to the main one, an additional heat exchanger is installed in the firebox. The first will work to heat the coolant, the second will provide cooling of the liquid. The inlet pipe is connected to the water supply, and the opposite pipe is connected to the sewerage system. If you urgently need to cool the coolant, simply unscrew the valve on the pipe and cold water will flow into the second heat exchanger.
During the process of arranging the system, one heat exchanger is mounted inside another, which ensures a rapid decrease in the temperature of the working fluid if necessary.
Two pipes are connected to the heat exchanger pipes, the first is connected to the water supply system, and the second to the sewerage system. Next, a valve is installed to supply cold water to the system. Excess coolant is discharged into the sewer.

All three methods are equally effective and achieve the same results.

Additional connection diagrams for a solid fuel heating boiler

We recommend that you pay attention to such an important circumstance that directly affects the choice of piping scheme for solid fuel boilers, such as interruptions in the electrical network that occur from time to time. This is fraught with a sudden boiling of the coolant with all the ensuing consequences. This problem can be solved by installing a bypass, which will isolate the circulation pump from the heating circuit.

Bypass (emergency path) is a backup pipeline through which coolant can be supplied bypassing some section of the main pipe or in parallel. One end of it is connected to the inlet pipe, the other to the outlet pipe. A bypass is often used to install additional devices on it, for example, shut-off valves, with the help of which, if necessary, they block the water flow in the main line, redirecting it to the spare one. To completely shut off the system, the outlet pipe is equipped with a tap. Shut-off valves can also be mounted on the bypass, on the inlet pipe.

Combination boilers

Recently, combination boilers, which provide continuous heating of the coolant regardless of external circumstances, are gaining increasing popularity. The system can be supplemented with another boiler, gas or electric. The connection diagram for an electric boiler to a solid fuel boiler is carried out in a parallel way. Equipment with insertion into the supply and return circuits is added to the piping. Shut-off valves must be installed at the junction of two connections. In the case of an automated system, a 3-way valve with a thermal head is used.

The assortment of our online store includes boiler models that can be used in similar schemes, for example, “Kupper Praktik 20”. This equipment is designed to heat rooms with an area of 130-200 m2 and can operate on both coal and wood. Thanks to its compact size, it takes up little space. Another option, “Kupper Praktik 8”, is intended for small rooms from 40 to 80 m2. Thanks to the presence of a heating element block, the coolant temperature is maintained for some time after the fuel has burned out.