BUILDING REGULATIONS

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning SNiP 2.04.05-91*

UDC (083.74)

The Orders of the Red Banner of Labor were DEVELOPED by the design institute Promstroyproekt (candidate of technical sciences B.V. Barkalov), the State design design and research institute Santekhniiproekt of the Gosstroy of Russia (T.I. Sadovskaya) with the participation of the GiproNII Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Dr. technical sciences E.E. Karpis, M.V. Shuvalova), VNIIPO Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (candidate of technical sciences I.I. Ilminsky), MNIITEP (candidate of technical sciences M.M. Grudzinsky). Riga Polytechnic Institute (Candidate of Technical Sciences A.M. Sizov) and Tyumen Civil Engineering Institute (Candidate of Technical Sciences A.F. Shapoval).

INTRODUCED by the Promstroyproekt Institute.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the Department of Standardization and Technical Standards in Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (V.A. Glukharev).

SNiP 2.04.05-91* is a reissue of SNiP 2.04.05-91 with change No. 1, approved by Resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia dated January 21, 1994 No. 18-3, and change No. 2 approved by Resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia dated May 15, 1997. No. 18-11.

Sections, paragraphs, tables, formulas to which changes have been made are marked in these building codes and regulations with an asterisk.

When using a regulatory document, you should take into account the approved changes in building codes and regulations and state standards published in the magazine "bBulletin of Construction Equipment” and the information index “State Standards” of the State Standard of Russia.

These building codes must be observed when designing heating, ventilation and air conditioning in the premises of buildings and structures (hereinafter referred to as “buildings”).

When designing, you should also comply with the requirements for heating, ventilation and air conditioning of other regulatory documents approved and agreed upon with the USSR Gosstroy (Ministry of Construction of Russia).

These standards do not apply to the design of:

a) heating, ventilation and air conditioning of shelters, structures intended for work with radioactive substances, sources of ionizing radiation: underground mining facilities and premises in which explosives are produced, stored or used;

b) special heating, cooling and dust removal installations and devices for technological and electrical equipment of pneumatic transport systems and vacuum cleaners;

c) stove heating using gaseous and liquid fuels.

1. General Provisions

1.1. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning projects should include technical solutions that provide:

a) standardized meteorological conditions and air purity in the serviced area of ​​residential, public, and administrative buildings of enterprises (hereinafter referred to as “administrative buildings”);

b) standardized meteorological conditions and air purity in the working area of ​​production, laboratory and warehouse (hereinafter referred to as “production”) premises in buildings of any purpose;

c) standardized levels of noise and vibration from the operation of equipment and heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, except for emergency ventilation systems and smoke protection systems, for which during operation or testing in accordance with GOST 12.1.003-83* in the premises where this equipment is installed, allowable noise is no more than 110 dBA, and with impulse noise no more than 125 dBA;

d) maintainability of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems;

e) explosion and fire safety of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Projects should include staffing levels to operate HVAC systems.

1.2. In projects for the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, residential, public and administrative buildings, existing heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems should be used in the feasibility study if they meet the requirements of the standards.

1.3. Heating and ventilation equipment, pipelines and air ducts located in rooms with an aggressive environment, as well as intended to remove air from an aggressive environment, should be made of anti-corrosion materials or with protective coatings against corrosion.

1.4. Hot surfaces of heating and ventilation equipment, pipelines and air ducts located in rooms where they pose a risk of ignition of gases, vapors, aerosols or dust should be insulated, ensuring that the temperature on the surface of the thermal insulation structure is at least 20% lower than their self-ignition temperature.

Note. If it is not technically possible to reduce the temperature of the insulation surface to the specified level, heating and ventilation equipment, pipelines and air ducts should not be placed in the specified rooms.

1.5. Thermal insulation structures should be designed in accordance with SNiP 2.04.14-88.

1.6. Heating and ventilation non-standardized equipment, air ducts and thermal insulation structures should be made from materials approved for use in construction.

The temperature of the floor surface along the axis of the heating element in children's institutions, residential buildings and swimming pools should not exceed 35 o C.

Surface temperature restrictions do not apply to single pipes of heating systems built into the ceiling or floor.

3.17. The surface temperature of low-temperature radiant heating panels of workplaces should not be taken above 60 o C, and of radiant cooling panels - below 2 o C.

3.22. Pipelines, heating systems, internal heat supply of air heaters and water heaters of ventilation, air conditioning, air heating, air showering and air-thermal curtains (hereinafter referred to as “piping systems of heating systems”) should be designed from pipes in accordance with mandatory Appendix 13.

It is allowed to use pipes made of polymer materials for heating elements built into building structures made of non-combustible materials.

3.23. Thermal insulation should be provided for pipelines of heating systems laid in unheated rooms, in places where freezing of the coolant is possible, in artificially cooled rooms, as well as to prevent burns and moisture condensation on them.

For other cases of pipeline laying, thermal insulation should be included in the economic justification.

Additional heat losses by pipelines laid in unheated rooms and heat losses caused by the placement of heating devices near external fences should not exceed 7% of the heat flow of the building heating system (see mandatory appendix 12).

3.24*. Pipelines for various purposes should, as a rule, be laid separately from the heating point or from the general pipeline:

a) for heating systems with local heating devices;
b) for ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems;
c) for air curtains;
d) for other periodically operating systems or installations.

3.25. The speed of movement of the coolant in the pipes of water heating systems should be taken depending on the permissible equivalent sound level in the room:

a) above 40 dBA - no more than 1.5 m/s in public buildings and premises; no more than 2 m/s - in administrative buildings and premises; no more than 3 m/s - in industrial buildings and premises;
b) 40 dBA and below - according to mandatory Appendix 14.

3.26. The speed of steam movement in pipelines should be taken as follows:

a) in low-pressure heating systems (up to 70 kPa at the inlet) with parallel movement of steam and condensate 30 m/s, with counter movement - 20 m/s;
b) in high-pressure heating systems (from 70 to 170 kPa at the inlet) with parallel movement of steam and condensate 80 m/s, with counter movement - 60 m/s.

3.27. The difference in water pressure in the supply and return pipelines for circulating water in the heating system should be determined taking into account the pressure resulting from the difference in water temperatures.

Unaccounted circulation pressure losses in the heating system should be taken equal to 10% of the maximum pressure losses. For heating systems with water temperatures of 105 ° C and above, measures should be taken to prevent water from boiling.

3.28. The pressure difference in the supply and return pipelines at the entrance to the building for the calculation of heating systems in standard projects should be taken as 150 kPa.

When using pumps, water heating systems should be calculated taking into account the pressure developed by the pump.

3.29. The equivalent roughness of the inner surface of steel pipes for heating and internal heat supply systems should be taken as no less than, mm:

for water and steam - 0.2, condensate - 0.5.

When directly connecting internal heat supply systems of industrial buildings to the heating network, at least mm should be taken:

for water and steam - 0.5, condensate - 1.0.

Note. When reconstructing internal heat supply and heating systems using existing pipelines, the equivalent roughness of steel pipes should be taken, mm: for water and steam - 0.5, condensate - 1.0.

3.30. The temperature difference of the coolant in the risers (branches) of water heating systems with local heating devices when calculating systems with variable temperature differences should not differ by more than 25% (but not more than 8 o C) from the calculated temperature difference.

3.31. In single-pipe water heating systems, pressure losses in the risers must be at least 70% of the total pressure losses in the circulation rings, excluding pressure losses in common areas.

In single-pipe systems with a lower supply line and an upper return line, the pressure loss in the risers should be at least 300 Pa per meter of riser height.

In two-pipe vertical and one-pipe horizontal heating systems, the pressure loss in the circulation rings through the upper devices (branches) should be taken to be no less than the natural pressure in them with the calculated parameters of the coolant.

3.32. The discrepancy between the calculated pressure losses in the risers (branches) of steam heating systems should not exceed 15% for steam pipelines and 10% for condensate pipelines.

3.33. The mismatch of pressure losses in the circulation rings (without taking into account pressure losses in common areas) should not exceed 5% for passing and 15% for dead-end distribution of pipelines of water heating systems when calculating with constant temperature differences.

3.34. Heating system pipelines should be laid openly; hidden installation must be justified. When laying pipelines hidden, hatches should be provided at the locations of dismountable connections and fittings.

3.35. In areas with a design temperature of minus 40 o C and below (parameters B), the laying of supply and return pipelines of heating systems in the attics of buildings (except for warm attics) and in ventilated undergrounds is not allowed.

3.36. Laying transit pipelines of heating systems is not allowed through shelter rooms, electrical rooms and pedestrian galleries and tunnels.

In attics it is allowed to install expansion tanks for heating systems with thermal insulation made of non-combustible materials.

3.37. Heating systems should provide devices for emptying them: in buildings with 4 or more floors, in heating systems with bottom wiring in buildings of 2 floors or more, and on staircases, regardless of the number of floors of the building. Shut-off valves with fittings for connecting hoses should be provided on each riser.

Fittings and drainage devices, as a rule, should not be placed in underground channels.

Note. In horizontal heating systems, devices for emptying them should be provided on each floor of a building with any number of floors.

3.38. The risers of steam heating systems, through which the resulting condensate flows down against the movement of steam, should be designed with a height of no more than 6 m.

3.39. The slopes of water, steam and condensate pipelines should be taken at least 0.002, and the slope of steam pipelines against the movement of steam should be at least 0.006.

Water pipelines may be laid without a slope if the speed of water movement in them is 0.25 m/s or more.

3.40. The distance (in clear view) from the surface of pipelines, heating devices and air heaters with a coolant with a temperature above 105 o From the surface of a structure made of flammable materials should be at least 100 mm. At a smaller distance, thermal insulation of the surface of this structure from non-combustible materials should be provided.

3.41. Pipelines at the intersections of ceilings, internal walls and partitions should be laid in sleeves made of non-combustible materials; the edges of the sleeves should be flush with the surfaces of walls, partitions and ceilings, but 30 mm above the surface of the finished floor.

The sealing of gaps and holes in places where pipelines are laid should be provided with non-combustible materials, ensuring the rated fire resistance limit of the fences.

3.42. Laying or crossing heating pipelines in one channel with pipelines of flammable liquids, vapors and gases with a vapor flash point of 170 ° C or less or aggressive vapors and gases is not allowed.

3.43. Removal of air from heating systems with water coolant and from condensate pipelines filled with water should be provided at the upper points, with steam coolant - at the lower points of the condensation gravity pipeline.

In water heating systems, as a rule, flow-through air collectors or taps should be provided. Non-flowing air collectors may be installed when the water speed in the pipeline is less than 0.1 m/s.

a) sectional or single panel radiators;
b) sectional or panel radiators, paired or single, for rooms in which there is no emission of dust from flammable materials (hereinafter referred to as “combustible dust”). For premises of category B, in which there is no emission of flammable dust, the use of convectors is allowed;
c) heating devices made of smooth steel pipes.

3.45. Heating appliances in premises of categories A, B; B should be placed at a distance (clear) of at least 100 mm from the surface of the walls. It is not allowed to place heating devices in niches.

3.62. Stove heating may be provided in buildings specified in the mandatory Appendix 15.

The use of stove heating in cities and urban-type settlements is permitted upon justification.

3.63. The calculated heat losses in the premises must be compensated by the average thermal power of heating stoves: with periodic combustion - based on two fireboxes per day, and for long-burning stoves - based on continuous combustion.

Fluctuations in air temperature in rooms with periodic combustion should not exceed 3 o C during the day.

3.64. The maximum surface temperature of stoves (except for cast iron flooring, doors and other stove appliances) should not exceed, °C:

90 - in the premises of preschool and medical institutions;
110 - in other buildings and premises on the furnace area no more than 15% of the total surface area of ​​the furnace;
120 - the same, on the furnace area no more than 5% of the total surface area of ​​the furnace.

In rooms with temporary occupancy, when installing protective screens, it is allowed to use ovens with a surface temperature above 120 o C.

3.65. One stove should be provided for heating no more than three rooms located on the same floor.

3.66. In two-story buildings, it is allowed to provide two-tier stoves with separate fireboxes and chimneys for each floor, and for two-story apartments - with one firebox on the ground floor. The use of wooden beams in the ceiling between the upper and lower tiers of the stove is not allowed.

3.67. In the buildings of secondary schools, preschools, medical institutions, clubs, holiday homes and hotels, stoves should be placed so that the fireboxes are served from utility rooms or corridors with windows with vents and exhaust ventilation with natural impulse.

3.68. In buildings with stove heating the following is not allowed:

a) arrangement of exhaust ventilation with artificial induction, not compensated by inflow with artificial induction;
6) removal of smoke into ventilation ducts and installation of ventilation grilles on smoke ducts.

3.69. Stoves, as a rule, should be placed near internal walls and partitions made of non-combustible materials, providing for their use to accommodate smoke ducts.

Smoke ducts may be placed in external walls made of non-combustible materials, insulated, if necessary, on the outside to prevent moisture condensation from the exhaust gases. In the absence of walls in which smoke ducts can be placed, mounted or root chimneys should be used to remove smoke.

3.70. For each furnace, as a rule, a separate chimney or duct (hereinafter referred to as the “pipe”) should be provided. It is allowed to connect two stoves to one pipe, located in the same apartment on the same floor. When connecting pipes, cuts should be made with a thickness of 0.12 m and a height of at least 1 m from the bottom of the pipe connection.

CLOSED JOINT STOCK COMPANY

PROMSTROYPROEKT

MANUAL 13.91 to SNiP 2.04.05-91

Fire requirements for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems

Chief engineer I.B. Lvovsky

Chief specialist B.V. Barkalov

1. HEATING SYSTEMS

1.1. The temperature of the coolant (water, steam, etc.) or the temperature on the surface of electric and gas heating devices in industrial premises of categories A, B or C, in sales areas and rooms for processing and storing materials containing flammable liquids should be taken, °C, no less than 20% lower than the auto-ignition temperature of substances in the room, but no more:

150 - with water heating and the absence of flammable dust and aerosols in the room;

130 - with steam heating and the same conditions;

110 - with water and steam heating and the presence of emissions of flammable dust and aerosols in the room - for premises of categories A and B;

130 - for electric heating of premises of categories A and B (except for warehouses of categories A and B, where electric heating is not allowed) in an explosion-proof design, in the absence of sources of hot dust and aerosols;

110 - the same in the presence of sources of flammable dust and aerosols, except for the above warehouses;

130 - for electric and gas heating of premises of category B (except for warehouses of category B, where electric and gas heating is not allowed) in the absence of sources of flammable dust and aerosols in the room;

110 - the same in the presence of sources of combustible dust and aerosols (3.3. app. 11) 1).

1.2. Electric and gas radiant heating with high-temperature emitters, with a surface temperature not exceeding 250 ° C, can be used in semi-open and uninsulated premises and public catering buildings, in industrial premises of categories G and D without emissions of dust and aerosols, as well as in individual workplaces with temperature air below the normalized level, except for premises of categories A, B or C (clauses 3.4, 3.18, appendix 11).

1.3. In premises of categories A and B, the use of water or steam heating with local heating devices is prohibited if substances are stored or used in the premises that form explosive mixtures upon contact with water or water vapor, or substances capable of spontaneous combustion or explosion when interacting with water (3.9 ).

1.4. Hot surfaces of heating and ventilation equipment, pipelines and air ducts located in rooms where they create a danger of ignition of gases, vapors, aerosols or dust should be insulated, ensuring the temperature on the surface of the thermal insulation structure is at least 20% lower than the temperature, °C , their ignition (1.4).

If it is not technically possible to reduce the temperature of the insulation surface to the specified level, heating and ventilation equipment, pipelines and air ducts should not be placed in the specified rooms. Thermal insulation structures should be designed in accordance with SNiP 2.04.14-88 (1.4, 1.5).

Fire safety requirements for thermal insulation structures - see Appendix 1.

1.5. Laying transit pipelines of heating systems is not allowed through shelter rooms, electrical rooms and pedestrian galleries and tunnels. In attics it is allowed to install expansion tanks with thermal insulation made of non-combustible materials (3.36).

1.6. The distance (clear) from the surface of pipelines, heating devices and air heaters with coolant with a temperature above 105 ° C to the surface of a structure made of flammable materials should be at least 100 mm. For smaller distances, thermal insulation of this structure from non-combustible materials should be provided (3.40).

1.7. Pipelines at the intersections of ceilings, internal walls and partitions should be laid in sleeves made of non-combustible materials; the edges of the sleeves should be flush with the surfaces of walls, partitions and ceilings, but 30 mm above the surface of the finished floor.

The sealing of gaps and holes in places where pipelines are laid should be provided with non-combustible materials, ensuring the rated fire resistance limit of fences (3.41).

1.8. Laying or crossing heating pipelines in one channel with pipelines of flammable liquids, vapors and gases with a vapor flash point of 170 °C or less or aggressive vapors and gases is not allowed (3.42).

1.9. In rooms of categories A, B and C, heating devices of water and steam heating systems (also gas and electric) 2) should be provided with a smooth surface allowing easy cleaning, including:

2) There is no requirement in SNiP, however, it is recommended to comply with it for electric and gas heating devices permitted by paragraphs. 11a and 11b in Appendix 11 to SNiP.

a) sectional or single panel radiators;

b) sectional or panel radiators, paired or single, for rooms in which there is no emission of dust from flammable materials (hereinafter referred to as “combustible dust”). For premises of category B, in which there is no emission of flammable dust, the use of convectors is allowed;

c) heating devices made of smooth steel pipes (3.44).

1.10. Heating appliances in rooms of categories A, B and C should be placed at a distance (clear) of at least 100 mm from the surface of the walls. It is not allowed to place heating devices in niches (3.45).

1.11. In staircases, it is not allowed to place heating devices that protrude from the plane of the walls at a height of up to 2.2 m from the surfaces of the treads and landings of the stairs, clause 4.11 of SNiP 2.01.02-85*.

1.12. In rooms for filling and storing cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases, as well as in warehouses of categories A, B and C and storerooms for flammable materials, or in places designated in workshops for storing flammable materials, heating devices should be protected with screens made of non-combustible materials, providing access to heating appliances for cleaning.

Screens should be installed at a distance of at least 100 mm (clear) from heating appliances. Convectors with a casing should not be protected with screens (3.57).

2. EXHAUST, GENERAL AND EMERGENCY VENTILATION SYSTEMS

2.1. Exhaust and emergency ventilation systems (hereinafter referred to as “VV”) should be provided separately for each group of premises located within one fire compartment (4.24).

Premises of the same fire and explosion hazard category, not separated by fire barriers, and also having cleaned openings with a total area of ​​more than 1 m2 to other premises, may be considered as one room (4.24).

KO*. Requirements for the placement of industrial premises in a building of one or different categories of fire and explosion hazard and their separation from each other by fire-resistant or non-fire-resistant partitions, as well as for the installation of airlock vestibules in places of openings in fire partitions are given in paragraphs. 2.8*, 2.9, 2.10*, 2.11, 2.12 SNiP 2.09.02.85* - “Industrial buildings”.

According to these requirements: “When technological processes with the same explosion and fire hazard are placed in a room, the need to separate them from each other by partitions, as well as the installation of airlocks in the places of openings in these partitions must be justified in the technological part of the project, while the use of fire partitions is not mandatory, except in cases provided for by technological design standards.”

*) KO - comments and explanations of Promstroyproekt.

2.2. VOB systems should be designed common to the premises:

b) public, administrative and production category D (in any combination);

c) production facilities of one of categories A or B, located on no more than three floors;

d) production facilities of one of categories B, D or D;

e) warehouses and storerooms of one of categories A, B or C, located on no more than three floors;

f) categories A, B and C in any combinations and warehouses of categories A, B and C in any combinations with a total area of ​​no more than 1100 m2, if the premises are located in a separate one-story building and have doors only directly to the outside;

i) household premises - sanitary facilities, showers, baths, laundries and other premises for household purposes (4.25).

CO. Residential premises, which are included independently in clause 2.2k, have been removed from clause 2.2b - since general systems for administrative and household premises are not used.

2.3. VOB systems can be combined into one system for the following groups of premises, connecting to one group of premises premises of another group with an area of ​​no more than 200 m2:

a) residential and administrative or public, taking into account the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents - (meaning SNiP for residential, administrative, household and public buildings), subject to the installation of a fire-retarding valve on the prefabricated air duct of the connected group of premises for other purposes;

c) production categories A, B or C and production of any categories, including warehouses and storerooms (or premises for other purposes, except for residential premises and premises with large numbers of people) provided that a fire-retarding valve is installed on the prefabricated air duct of the connected group of premises for other purposes ( 4.26).

For example: a) residential premises + 200 m2 of administrative or household premises;

b) residential premises + 200 m 2 public premises;

c) production premises + 200 m 2 of administrative or household premises.

In each option, the first group of rooms is indicated, to which 200 m2 of “attached group” rooms can be connected through a fire-retarding valve on the prefabricated air duct. In each of the connected groups, the “main group” can be “attached” and the connected one can be the main one, but the connected one must have a total area of ​​no more than 200 m2 and be connected to the general system through a fire-retarding valve (except for subparagraph “b”).

Premises with large permanent or temporary occupancy of people should not be connected by a common air duct to other premises, either as main or connected ones.

CO. Clause 4.26b does not contain a requirement to use a fire-retarding valve when connecting a group of premises of categories D and D to the air ducts of administrative or utility premises. In premises of category G, open fire can be used, and administrative and domestic premises are fire hazardous, and they are often equated to premises of category B, therefore Promstroyproekt recommends installing a fire-retarding valve on branches to premises of category G.

When designing the installation of air ducts in buildings, it is recommended to use “Manual 7.91 to SNiP 2.04.05-91 Schemes for laying air ducts in a building,” published by Promstroyproekt in 1993.

2.4. Air supply systems for rooms of categories B, D and D, which remove air from a 5-meter zone around equipment containing flammable substances that can form explosive and fire-hazardous mixtures in this zone, should be designed separately from other systems in these rooms (4.29).

2.5. Air supply systems for premises of categories A and B should be provided with one backup fan (for each system or for several systems) providing the air flow necessary to maintain the concentration of flammable vapors, aerosols or dust in the room not exceeding 10% of the lower concentration limit of flame propagation (hereinafter referred to as “0.1 NCPRP”) for gas, steam and dust-air mixtures (4.21).

A backup fan should not be installed if, when the system is stopped, the process equipment can be stopped and the emission of flammable gases, aerosols or dust can be stopped, or if emergency ventilation is provided in the room, providing 0.1 LEL; if a backup fan is not installed, then provision must be made for the activation of an alarm system (4.21 a, b).

CO. To maintain 0.1 NPR, as a rule, a fan is required with several times lower performance than for the main purpose, so in some cases it is advisable to design two fans for installation - the main and backup ones with the same performance, equal to 50% of that required for the main purpose.

2.6. HSA systems for premises of categories A and B, as well as for warehouses of categories A, B and C with the release of flammable gases, vapors, aerosols and dust should be provided with artificial stimulation (4.36, 4.33).

It is permissible to provide such systems with natural impulse if the gases and vapors released are lighter than air, and the required air exchange does not exceed two times per hour, providing for the removal of air only from the upper zone. For warehouses of categories A and B with a capacity of more than 10 tons, it is necessary to provide a backup exhaust ventilation system with artificial stimulation for the required air exchange, placing local control of the system at the entrance (4.33).

In industrial premises in which flammable gases or vapors are emitted, at least one air exchange per hour should be removed from the upper zone, and in rooms with a height of more than 6 m - at least 6 m 3 / h per 1 m 2 of room area (4.53).

2.7. In rooms of categories A and B, VOB systems must provide a negative air imbalance with a pressure difference of at least 10 Pa in relation to the protected rooms, i.e. in relation to rooms connected to them by doors or openings (4.52), except for “clean” rooms in which it is necessary to maintain excess air pressure.

2.8. Receiving openings of air defense systems for removing a mixture of air with explosive gases, vapors or aerosols from the upper zone of the premises should be placed:

a) not lower than 0.4 m from the plane of the ceiling or coating to the top of the holes when removing explosive mixtures of gases, vapors and aerosols (except for a mixture of hydrogen with air);

b) not lower than 0.1 m from the plane of the ceiling or covering to the top of the openings in rooms with a height of 4 m or less, or not lower than 0.025 of the height of the room (but not more than 0.4 m) in rooms with a height of more than 4 m - when removing a hydrogen mixture with air (4.59).

2.9. Air from HSA systems from premises of categories A and B (except for air and air-thermal curtains at external gates and doors) and from 5-meter zones around equipment located in premises of categories B, D and D, if explosive substances can form in these areas mixtures of flammable gases, vapors, dust or aerosols with air are not allowed to be used for recirculation (4.47, see also paragraph 3.14 of the Manual).

2.10. Emergency ventilation for industrial premises in which a sudden influx of large quantities of flammable gases, vapors or aerosols is possible should be provided in accordance with the requirements of the technological part of the project, taking into account the incompatibility in the time of accidents of technological and ventilation equipment (4.61). Air flow rates for emergency ventilation should be taken according to the data from the technological part of the project (4.62).

CO. After the emergency mass or volume of explosive substances has stopped entering the room, the air flow to bring the concentration to 0.1 LEL depends on the time allotted for this.

In the absence of instructions from technologists about the required air flow or the time allotted to bring the concentration to 0.1, NCPRP Promstroyproekt recommends determining the flow based on the previously valid SNiP 2.04.05-86 standards. clause 4.62, equal to 50 m 3 / h per 1 m 2 of room area with a height of 6 m or less, except for pumping and compressor stations of categories A and B, for which emergency ventilation must provide the specified air exchange in addition to the air exchange created by the main systems.

2.11. Emergency ventilation of rooms of categories A and B should be designed with artificial stimulation.

If the temperature, category and group of an explosive mixture of flammable gases, vapors and aerosols does not correspond to the technological conditions for explosion-proof fans, then emergency ventilation systems should be provided with explosion-proof ejectors for buildings of any number of floors, or supply ventilation with explosion-proof check valves installed at the intersection of air ducts fencing of premises for ventilation equipment. Emergency ventilation to displace gases or vapors through aeration lanterns, shafts or deflectors may be used for one-story buildings into which flammable gases or vapors with a density less than the density of air (4.63) enter during an accident.

2.12. Emergency ventilation of rooms of categories B, D or D should be designed with artificial stimulation; It is allowed to design emergency ventilation with natural impulse, provided that the required air flow is ensured at design parameters B during the warm period of the year (4.64).

2.13. For emergency ventilation use:

a) main and backup systems (fans) of general ventilation and local suction systems, providing, during simultaneous operation, the air flow necessary for emergency ventilation;

b) systems specified in paragraphs. “a”, and emergency ventilation systems for insufficient air flow;

c) only emergency ventilation systems, if the use of main and backup systems is impossible or impractical (4.65).

CO. The air flow during simultaneous operation of the main and backup fans should be determined by calculation. Approximately, when installing the changeover valve in the middle position, it is recommended to take it equal to 130% of the main flow. With separate exhaust pipes and a common suction line - 150% of the main one.

2.14. Emergency smoke ventilation for removing smoke in case of fire should be designed to ensure the evacuation of people from the premises of the building in the initial stage of a fire that occurs in one of the premises (5.1).

2.15. Smoke removal should include:

a) from corridors or halls of industrial, public, administrative and domestic buildings with a height of more than 26.5 m from the average planning level;

b) from corridors more than 15 m long that do not have natural lighting through light openings in the external fences (hereinafter referred to as “without natural lighting”) of industrial buildings of categories A, B and C with a number of floors of 2 or more (5.2);

c) from the corridors of residential buildings with a height of 10 floors or more with smoke-free stairwells;

Note. According to SNiP 2.08.01-89 clause 1.31 “In corridor-type residential buildings with a height of 10 floors or more, with a total area of ​​apartments on the floor of 500 m2 or more, at least two smoke-free stairwells should be provided...”, and according to clause 1.29 “... the total area of ​​apartments on a floor of less than 500 m2 should be provided with access to one smoke-free staircase...”.

d) from the corridors of public buildings in accordance with SNiP 2.08.02-39 clause 1.137 “In buildings with a height of 10 ground floors or more, staircases should be designed smoke-free”;

e) according to clause 1.158 of SNiP 2.03.02-89 “In public buildings with a height of less than 10 floors, smoke removal must be provided in corridors without natural light, intended for the evacuation of 50 or more people;

f) in SNiP 2.09.04-87 “Administrative and domestic buildings” clause 1.23, when designing buildings with a height of 10-16 floors, additional requirements for these buildings should be taken into account in accordance with SNiP 2.08.02-89 (since it replaced SNiP 2.08 .02-85), i.e. you should be guided by what was said in clause 2.15d or 2.15a because administrative and residential buildings are mentioned in clause 5.2b of SNiP;

g) in accordance with clause 1.27 of SNiP 2.09.04-87, from corridors located in the above-ground and basement floors that do not have natural light, with any area and dressing rooms with an area of ​​more than 200 m2, exhaust ventilation must be provided to remove smoke in accordance with SNiP 2.04 .05-91, which replaced SNiP 2.04.05-86. Since administrative premises in terms of fire hazard are, as a rule, equated to industrial premises of category B, when designing smoke removal from corridors without natural light, one should be guided by clause 5.2 of SNiP or clause 2.15b of the “Manual”;

h) according to SNiP 2.11.01-85 “Warehouse buildings”, clause 2.18 “requirements for escape routes and exits, smoke exhaust devices...” should be taken in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05-91.

2.16. Smoke extraction should be designed:

a) from each production or warehouse premises with permanent workplaces without natural light or with natural light that does not have mechanized drives for opening transoms in the upper part of windows from a level of 2.2 m and above from the floor to the bottom of the transoms and for opening openings in the lanterns (in both cases, an area sufficient to remove smoke in case of fire), if the premises are classified as categories A, B or C in buildings of any degree of fire resistance, except for fire resistance degree IVa, where smoke removal is necessary if the premises are classified into categories D and E;

CO. The words: “not having mechanized drives for opening transoms...” should be considered together with clause 7.4 of the “Manual”, from which it follows that transoms, like openings in lanterns, must have “automatic remote and manual control”. As a rule, such mechanisms are not available in existing buildings, but their production is currently being organized. Consequently, the requirements of paragraph “a” apply to all industrial buildings listed there, both without natural and with natural lighting;

b) from every room that does not have natural light: public or administrative and household, if it is intended for large numbers of people;

c) a room of 55 m2 or more, intended for the storage or use of flammable materials, if it contains permanent workplaces;

d) dressing rooms with an area of ​​200 m2 or more (5.2).

2.17. It is allowed to design smoke removal from industrial premises of category B with an area of ​​200 m2 or less through the adjacent corridor (5.2)

CO. 200 m2 is, as a rule, the area of ​​3 to 7 rooms, for each of which, according to the basic rule, it is necessary to provide for separate smoke removal. The possibility of installing one smoke inlet in a corridor 30 m long or less significantly simplifies and reduces the cost of the smoke removal system.

2.18. The requirements of paragraph 5.2 of SNiP, set out in paragraphs. 2.15-2.16 “Benefits” do not apply to:

a) for premises of category B, and in buildings of IVa degree of fire resistance and for premises of categories G and D, as well as for public, administrative and domestic ones, if the time for filling the premises with smoke, determined by formula (7) SNiP, is greater than the time required for safe evacuating people from the premises. Time to fill the premises with smoke according to formula (1) t sec (in SNiP formula 7) has the form:

t = 6,39 A(U -0.5 - N -0.5)/p o, (1)

Where: A£ 1600 m2 - the area of ​​the room or part of its area, called the “smoke reservoir”, if it does not exceed 1600 m2 and is fenced around the perimeter with non-flammable curtains descending from the ceiling (floors);

U- the level of the lower boundary of the smoke, accepted for rooms is 2.5 m, and for smoke tanks - the height from the lower edge of the curtains to the floor of the room;

N- room height, m;

R o- the perimeter of the fire is assumed to be equal to the larger of the perimeters of open or non-hermetically sealed containers of flammable substances in equipment or storage areas for flammable substances or non-flammable substances, materials, parts in flammable packaging, but no more R o= 12 m.

In the absence of the above data, it is allowed to determine the perimeter of the fire using the formula:

£4 R o = 0,38 A 1 0.5£12, (2)

Where: A 1- area of ​​the room or smoke tank, m2; at A 1 < 100 м 2 следует принимать A 1= 100 m 2, at A 1> 1000 m 2 - accept A 1= 1000 m2;

CO. The time for safe evacuation of people from the premises is calculated according to GOST 12.1.004-91 “Fire safety. General requirements". It is recommended to carry out the entire set of calculations under the SNiP section “Fire protection in case of fire” according to “Manual 4.91 to SNiP 2.04.05-91 (2nd edition)”, published by Promstroyproekt, 1992.

b) for premises with an area of ​​less than 200 m2, equipped with automatic water or foam fire extinguishing installations, except for premises of categories A and B;

c) to premises equipped with automatic gas fire extinguishing installations;

d) for laboratory premises of category B with an area of ​​36 m2 or less;

e) to corridors and halls, if direct smoke removal is designed for all rooms with doors to this corridor or hall.

Note. If in the area of ​​the main room for which smoke removal is provided, there are other rooms with an area of ​​each 50 m2 or less, then separate smoke removal from these rooms may not be provided, provided that the smoke consumption is calculated taking into account the total area of ​​these rooms (5.2).

2.19. According to SNiP 2.08.02-89 “Public buildings and structures”, smoke removal in case of fire must be designed:

a) in library and archive storage facilities, warehouses with an area of ​​more than 36 m2 in the absence of windows... (1.69);

b) in the premises of model workshops in which processes classified as category A production take place... (1.70);

c) in trading floors without natural light... (1.72);

d) in stores selling flammable materials, as well as flammable liquids (oils, paints, solvents, etc., 1.73);

e) in storerooms of flammable goods and goods in flammable packaging; storerooms should be divided into compartments with an area of ​​no more than 700 m2, allowing the installation of mesh partitions or partitions that do not reach the ceiling within each compartment. In this case, smoke removal is provided for the compartment as a whole (1.74).

CO. It is recommended to design smoke removal according to paragraphs 2.19 a-e, guided by paragraphs. 2.16-2.18 Manuals (and Manual 4.51 to SNiP 2.04.05-91), because SNiP 2.08.02-89 contains outdated solutions that do not provide the required effect.

2.20. According to SNiP 2.11.01-85* “Warehouse buildings” “... requirements for evacuation routes and exits, smoke removal devices...” should be taken according to SNiP 2.04.05-91 (instead of -86). If there are opening window openings located in the upper part of the outer wall, a smoke exhaust device is not required in rooms up to 30 m deep. In this case, the area of ​​window openings is determined by calculating smoke removal in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-91.

Note. In SNiP 2.04.05-91, compared to SNiP-86, the depth of the room from the windows is reduced from 30 m to 15 m (clause 5.10).

2.21. According to SNiP 2.10.02-84 clause 2.7 “Buildings and premises for storage and processing of agricultural products”, clause 2.7 “... ensuring the evacuation of people and smoke removal from buildings...” should be provided in accordance with SNiP P-90-81 ( replaced by SNiP 2.09.02-85 “Industrial buildings”).

2.22. According to SNiP 2.10.03-84 “Livestock, poultry and fur farming buildings and premises”, clause 2.8 “Smoke removal from displacements that do not have light and light aeration lamps must be provided in accordance with SNiP P-90-81 (replaced, see clause .2.21); in this case, a device for automatically opening exhaust shafts in case of fire is not required.

2.23. According to SNiP 2.09.03-85 “Structures of industrial enterprises”, clause 1.12. “Cable structures must be provided with smoke removal systems,” clause 4.29 “Cable tunnels must be provided with independent ventilation for each compartment, which is automatically switched off when an impulse is given from the fire alarm system.”

Note. There is a discrepancy between SNiP 2.09.03-85 and the PUE, according to clause 2.3.132 of the PUE - a special smoke removal system for cable tunnels is not required.

CO. The last phrase should be considered as the possibility of combining conventional ventilation with a smoke removal system.

2.24. According to SNiP 2.09.03-85, clause 15.23 “... ventilation devices of cable galleries must be equipped with dampers to prevent air from entering in the event of a fire.”

2.25. Removal of smoke and gases after a fire from premises protected by gas fire extinguishing installations should be provided with artificial stimulation from the lower zone of the premises. Where air ducts (except for transit) cross the fences of premises, fire-retarding valves with a fire resistance rating of at least 0.25 hours should be provided (5.13).

2.26. In the premises of refrigeration units, general ventilation should be provided, designed to remove excess heat. In this case, artificially forced exhaust ventilation should be designed to ensure air exchange in the room for 1 hour, not less than:

a) three times, and in case of an accident - five times when using refrigerants of types 11, 12, 22, 500, 502;

b) four-fold, and in case of an accident - 11-fold air exchange when using ammonia (6.16).

2.27. The air flow for ventilation and air conditioning of rooms with artificial cooling by air coolers in which freon circulates must be checked for the permissible emergency concentration of freons,

g/m 3: 570 500 360 410 460

with freon: 11 12 22 500 502.

In accordance with clause 6.5 of SNiP: “Surface air coolers (freon evaporators) and contact air coolers (nozzle chambers, etc.), connected to a single-circuit water (brine) refrigeration system with closed freon evaporators, are allowed to use:

a) for rooms in which open fire is not used;

b) if the evaporators are included in the autonomous refrigerant circulation circuit of one refrigeration machine;

c) if the mass of freon during an emergency release from the circulation circuit into the smaller of the serviced rooms does not exceed the emergency concentration given above.”

2.28. If the air cooler serves a group of rooms, then the concentration of freon, q g/m3, in any of these rooms should be determined by the formula:

q = M× R/(R about× ABOUT), (3)

Where: M- mass of refrigerant in the circulation circuit, g;

R- flow rate of outside air supplied to a given room, m/h;

R about- total flow rate of outside air supplied to all rooms of the group, m/h;

ABOUT- volume of any of the premises, m 3 (6.5).

2.29. The outlets of exhaust pipes for freon from safety valves should be provided at least 2 m above windows and doors and air intake openings and at least 5 m above ground level. The refrigerant exhaust should be directed upward.

The mouth of ammonia exhaust pipes should be located at least 3 m above the roof of the tallest building located within a radius of 50 m (6.15).

Emissions of dust-gas-air mixture from the system with artificial stimulation of premises of categories A and B and explosive mixture from local exhausts should be provided through pipes and shafts that do not have umbrellas, vertically upward (7.4).

2.30. According to clause 1.62 of SNiP 2.08.02-89 “Smoke hatches must be installed in the covering above the stage...”, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the hatches is determined by calculation or taken as 2.5% of the area of ​​the grate stage for every 10 m of height from the hold floor to the stage covering "

The opening of hatch valves should occur under the influence of their own weight when releasing them from the holding devices, while taking into account the freezing forces of the edges along the perimeter of the valve, assumed to be 0.3 kN/m.

When installing smoke hatches in opposite walls of the stage box, their insufficiency must be ensured.

The winch servicing the hatch valves must be remotely controlled from the stage tablet, from the fire control room and the room for this winch.

3. SYSTEMS OF LOCAL EXTRACTION FOR EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES

3.1. Local suction systems for explosive mixtures (hereinafter referred to as “MO”) should be designed with a concentration of a mixture of flammable gases, vapors, dust and aerosols in the air no more than 50% of the lower concentration limit of flame propagation, hereinafter referred to as “LKPRP”, at the temperature of the mixture being released. (4.14).

3.2 MO systems for explosive and fire-hazardous mixtures should be designed separately from general ventilation systems (4.28), except for general ventilation and MO for category A storerooms for the operational storage of test substances in laboratories (SNiP, Appendix 18, clause 3), which can be designed as a general systems.

A general exhaust system of general exchange ventilation and local suction may be designed for one laboratory room of categories B, D and D, if explosive mixtures are not formed in the equipment equipped with local suction (Appendix 18, clause 3).

MO systems should be designed common to the premises specified in clause 2.2 of the Manual and connected to one group of premises by premises of another group (with an area of ​​no more than 200 m2) in accordance with that specified in clause 2.3 of the Manual, without violating the requirements of this section.

3.3. Management systems for flammable substances settling or condensing in air ducts or ventilation equipment should be designed separately for each room or for each process equipment (4.35).

3.4. MO systems should be designed separately for each of the substances being sucked, the combination of which could create an explosive mixture or create more dangerous or harmful substances; the possibility of combining combustible substances management systems should be indicated in the technological part of the project (4.32).

3.5. Equipment for MOs containing explosive mixtures or sucking out non-explosive substances mixed with air from premises of categories A and B (hereinafter referred to as “MOs for explosive mixtures”) should be designed in an explosion-proof design. Conventional equipment should be provided for MO systems of explosive mixtures located in premises of categories B, D and D, if, in accordance with process design standards, the possibility of formation of an explosive concentration in the specified mixture during normal operation or in the event of an accident of process equipment (4.74) is excluded.

3.6. If the temperature, category and group of an explosive mixture of flammable gases, vapors, aerosols, dusts with air does not meet the technical specifications for explosion-proof fans, then ejector installations should be provided. In systems with ejector installations, conventional fans, blowers and compressors should be provided if they operate in outside air (4.74).

3.7. Equipment for systems for premises of categories A and B, as well as equipment for MO systems for explosive mixtures, is not allowed to be placed in basement rooms (4.84).

3.8. Equipment for MO systems for explosive mixtures should be placed separately from other ventilation equipment if the system has dry dust collectors or filters, or if there is a possibility of deposits of flammable substances in the air ducts (4.96; 4.95).

3.9. Equipment of MO systems may be placed in the premises they serve (4.82).

3.10. It is necessary to provide for the installation of one backup fan (including for ejector installations) for each MO system of explosive mixtures or for every two such systems, if when stopping the operating fan, the process equipment it serves cannot be stopped, and the concentration of the sucked flammable gases, vapors or dust in indoor air will exceed 0.1 NPRRP; the installation of a backup fan may not be provided if the concentration of sucked substances in the air of the room is 0.1 LPERP can be provided by an emergency ventilation system that is automatically turned on when 0.1 LPERP is exceeded (4.21).

3.11. Distance from sources of emissions from local suction systems of explosive vapor-gas-air mixture to the nearest point of possible ignition sources (sparks, high-temperature gases, etc.) X, m, should be taken at least:

X = 4Dq/q x³ 10, (4)

Where: D- diameter of the source mouth, m;

q- concentration of flammable gases, vapors and dust at the mouth of the discharge, mg/m 3 ;

q X is the concentration of flammable gases, vapors and dust, equal to 0.1 LKPRP - the lower concentration limit of flame propagation, mg/m 3 (7.6).

3.12. Emissions of explosive dust-gas-air mixtures from local exhaust systems should be provided through pipes and shafts that do not have umbrellas, vertically upward (7.4).

3.13. For MO systems of explosive mixtures, an alarm system should be provided: “on”, “emergency” (9.9), as well as automatic blocking of these systems with the equipment being serviced and blocking the supply of water to wet filters with the operation of fans (9.10).

3.14. Recirculation of air from MO systems of explosive mixtures is not allowed (4.47).

4. SUPPLY VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING AND AIR HEATING SYSTEMS

4.1. The fire safety requirements set out in paragraphs 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 of the Manual apply entirely to systems of supply general ventilation, air conditioning and air heating (hereinafter referred to as “PH”).

4.2. Air supply systems for round-the-clock and year-round supply of outside air to one or a group of airlock vestibules in premises of categories A and B should be designed separately from systems for other purposes, providing a backup fan.

Air supply to the airlocks of one room or to the airlocks of a group of rooms of categories A and B and to the airlock of a room for ventilation equipment of categories A and B can be designed from the supply system intended for these premises, or from the system (without recirculation) servicing rooms of categories B, D and D, providing a backup fan for the required air exchange for vestibule locks and automatic shutdown of the air flow to rooms of categories A, B, C, D or D in the event of a fire (4.31).

CO. It is recommended to resort to the assumption set out in the second paragraph of clause 4.2 only in cases where the capacity of the supply system used to supply air to the vestibule locks is no more than three times higher than the air requirement of the vestibule locks, and with a moderate ratio pressures for which the supply system fan is designed, and the pressure required for airlocks.

4.3. General intake devices for outdoor air should not be designed for equipment of outdoor air systems that are not allowed to be located in the same room (4.41).

4.4. The flow rate of supply air (external or a mixture of external and recirculated air) should be determined by calculation, and taken no less than the greater of those required to ensure explosion and fire safety standards (4.42):

Where: M- consumption of each of the explosive substances entering the air in the room, mg/h;

LKPRP - the lower concentration limit of flame propagation through a gas, steam and dust-air mixture - is adopted according to the Handbook “Fire and Explosion Hazard of Substances and Materials and Their Extinguishing Means,” edited by A.N. Baratov and A.Ya. Korolchenko. Moscow, “Chemistry”, 1990 in 2 volumes, mg/m 3;

q pr- concentration of an explosive substance in the air supplied to the room, mg/m3.

4.5. The air flow supplied to the airlocks should be taken on the basis of creating and maintaining an excess pressure of 20 Pa (with the doors closed) in relation to the pressure in the room for which the airlock is intended, taking into account the pressure difference between the rooms separated by the airlock. gateway. The air flow rate supplied to the airlock must be at least 250 m 3 /h.

The air flow supplied to the elevator engine room in buildings of categories A and B should be determined by calculation to create a pressure 20 Pa higher than the pressure of the adjacent part of the elevator shaft (4.44).

Note. Air flow calculations according to clause 4.5 are given in Manual 1.91 to SNiP 2.04.05-91, published by Promstroyproekt.

The difference in air pressure in the airlock vestibule (in the elevator engine room) and the adjacent room should not exceed 50 Pa (4.44).

CO. If there is a danger of pressure increasing above 50 Pa, it is necessary to install valves that relieve excess air flow.

4.6. Air recirculation is not allowed:

b) from 5-meter zones around equipment located in rooms of categories B, D and D, if explosive mixtures of flammable gases, vapors, aerosols with air can form in these zones;

c) from the system of suction of explosive mixtures with air;

d) from airlock vestibules (4.47).

4.7. For rooms of categories A and B, a negative imbalance should be provided, except for “clean” rooms in which it is necessary to maintain excess air pressure. Air flow to ensure imbalance. is determined based on the creation of a pressure difference of at least 10 Pa relative to the pressure in the protected room with the doors closed, but not less than 100 m 3 / h for each door of the protected room.

If there is a vestibule airlock, the air flow to ensure imbalance is assumed to be equal to the flow rate supplied to the vestibule airlock (4.52).

4.8. In industrial premises with the release of flammable gases or vapors, air should be removed from the upper zone in a volume of at least one air exchange per hour, and in rooms with a height of more than 6 m - at least 6 m 3 / h per 1 m 2 of room area (4.58).

4.9. Explosion-proof equipment should be provided for fire protection systems:

a) if it is located in rooms of categories A and B or in the air vents of systems serving these rooms;

b) for systems with air-to-air heat exchangers using air from premises of categories A and B (4.74; 8.5).

4.10. Equipment for supply systems for rooms of categories A and B, as well as air-air heat exchangers for these rooms using heat from air from rooms of other categories, located in rooms for ventilation equipment, should be accepted in the usual design if explosion-proof check valves are provided at the points where the air ducts cross the fences of the room for ventilation equipment (4.75).

4.11. When heating air in supply and recirculation installations, the temperature of the coolant (water, steam, etc.) of air heaters and heat-transfer surfaces of electric and gas-air heaters should be taken in accordance with the category of the room for ventilation equipment or the category or purpose of the room in which the specified installations are located, but not above 150 °C (4.11). The air temperature upon exiting the room must be at least 20% lower than the auto-ignition temperature, °C, of ​​gases, vapors, aerosols and dust emitted in the room (4.10).

4.12. The supply of outside air in case of fire for smoke protection of buildings should be provided:

a) into elevator shafts in the absence of airlock vestibules at their exits in buildings with smoke-free stairwells of types 1, 2 and 3;

b) in smoke-free staircases of the 2nd type;

c) in airlock vestibules in smoke-free staircases of the 3rd type;

d) in airlock vestibules in front of elevators in the basement of public, administrative, residential and industrial buildings;

e) in airlock vestibules in front of staircases in basement floors with premises of category B

Note. In smelting, foundry, rolling and other hot shops, it is allowed to supply airlocks taken from the aerated spans of the building into airlocks.

f) in elevator machine rooms in buildings of categories A and B, except for elevator shafts in which excess air pressure is maintained during a fire (5.15).

CO. According to SNiP 2.01.02-85* “Smoke-free stairwells” the following types are arranged:

1st - with exit through the external air zone along balconies, loggias, open passages, galleries;

2nd - with air pressure in case of fire;

3rd with access to the staircase through a vestibule with air pressure (permanently or in case of fire).

Smoke-free stairwells within the first floor should have exits only to the outside. Smoke-free stairwells of type 1 must communicate with the first floor through the air zone (4.16; 4.23).

4.13. In buildings of categories A and B, smoke-free staircases of the 3rd type should be provided with natural lighting and constant air supply to the airlock vestibules (SNiP 2.09.02-85*, clause 2.36).

CO. Under normal operating conditions, the air flow into airlock vestibules is calculated with both doors closed, and during a fire - with one door to the corridor or hall open; calculations are given in Manual 1.91 of Promstroyproekt.

4.14. The outdoor air flow for smoke protection should be calculated to ensure an air pressure of at least 20 Pa:

a) in the lower part of the elevator shafts with the doors closed in the elevator shafts from all floors except the bottom;

b) in the lower part of each compartment of smoke-free staircases of the 2nd type with open doors on the evacuation route from corridors and halls on the fire floor into the stairwell and from the building outside with closed doors from corridors and halls on all other floors;

c) in airlock vestibules on the fire floor in buildings with smoke-free staircases of the 3rd type with one door open to the corridor or hall; in airlock vestibules in front of elevators in the basement floors of public, administrative, residential and industrial buildings with the doors closed, as well as in airlock vestibules in front of stairs in the basement in premises of category B (5.16).

Note. It is recommended to calculate air flow rates according to clause 4.14 according to “Manual 4.91 to SNiP 2.04.05-91, 2nd edition, 1992.”

5. EQUIPMENT, EQUIPMENT ROOMS AND LOCATION

5.1. Explosion-proof equipment should include:

a) if it is located in a room of categories A and B or in the air ducts of systems serving these rooms;

b) for ventilation, air conditioning, smoke removal and air heating systems (including with air-to-air heat exchangers) for premises of categories A and B (see clause 4.10);

c) general exhaust ventilation systems for rooms of categories B, D and D, removing air from a 5-meter zone around equipment containing flammable substances that can form explosive and fire hazardous mixtures in this zone (4.74 and 4.29).

CO. Special fire-fighting equipment for ventilation and smoke removal systems includes:

Fire-retarding valves that automatically close when a fire occurs in the room (see clauses 6.6, 7.4 and appendices 2 and 3);

Smoke valves (see clause 7.4 and appendices 4-8), automatically opening in case of fire;

check valves that open when air flows and close when there is no air flow.

5.2. Premises for exhaust system equipment should be classified as explosion and fire hazard categories for the premises they serve. Rooms for fans, blowers and compressors supplying outside air to ejectors located outside this room should be classified as category D, and those supplying air taken from other rooms should be classified as these rooms (4.99).

In rooms for equipment of systems serving premises of categories A and B, and systems specified in clause 2.4 of the Manual, as well as in rooms for equipment of systems for local suction of explosive mixtures, space should not be provided for heating points, water pumping stations, repair work, regeneration oils and other purposes (4.101).

When designing premises for ventilation equipment in residential, public, administrative and industrial buildings, as well as free-standing buildings for this equipment, the requirements of SNiP 2.09.02-85* (4.98) must be observed.

5.3. The category of premises for the equipment of local suction systems that remove explosive mixtures from technological equipment located in premises of categories B, D and D, in public and administrative premises, as well as for general exhaust ventilation systems according to clause 2.4 of the Manual should be determined by calculation according to the ONTP -24-86/Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR or take A or B (4.99).

5.4. Premises for equipment of exhaust systems for general ventilation of residential, public and administrative premises should be classified as category D (4.99).

5.5. Rooms for equipment of exhaust systems serving several rooms of different categories of explosion and fire hazards should be classified as a more dangerous category (4.99).

5.6. Premises for equipment of supply systems should include:

b) to category B, if the system operates with air recirculation from premises of category B, except in cases where air is taken from premises without the release of flammable gases and dust, or when foam or wet dust collectors are used to clean air from dust;

Rooms for equipment of supply systems with air recirculation and air-to-air heat exchangers, serving several rooms of different categories in terms of explosion and fire hazard, should be classified as a more dangerous category (4.100).

* In pp. 5.7 and 5.8 zone characteristics are given in abbreviated form. For complete editions, see PUE, 6th edition, Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 1985.

B-I - zones in rooms in which flammable gases or vapors of flammable liquids are released, which can form explosive mixtures with air under normal operating conditions;

B-Ia - zones in premises in which explosive mixtures of flammable gases or flammable liquid vapors with air are formed only during accidents;

V-Ib - zones in premises in which explosive zones of gases or vapors of flammable liquids with air are formed during accidents or malfunctions, as well as zones of laboratory and other premises in which flammable gases and vapors are present in small quantities;

В-Iг - zones near outdoor installations;

B-II - zones located in rooms in which combustible dusts or fibers that become suspended and are capable of forming explosive mixtures with air under normal operating conditions are released;

B-IIa - the same if explosive mixtures are possible only in case of accidents and malfunctions.

5.8.* In premises of category B and other premises in which flammable substances are constantly or periodically circulated, electrical equipment must meet the requirements of Chapter 7.4 of the Electrical Installation Code for electrical equipment in fire hazardous areas of the corresponding classes:

*In pp. 5.7 and 5.8 zone characteristics are given in abbreviated form. For complete editions, see PUE, 6th edition, Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 1985.

P-I - zones located in rooms in which flammable liquids with a flash point above 61 ° C are circulated (except for those heated to a flash point and above);

P-II - zones located in rooms in which flammable dusts or fibers with an LFL of more than 65 g/m 3 to air volume are released;

P-IIa - zones located in rooms in which solid flammable substances circulate;

P-III - outdoor areas in which flammable liquids with a flash point above 61 ° C or solid flammable substances are handled.

Areas in the rooms of exhaust fans and also in the rooms of supply fans operating with air recirculation are classified as fire hazardous class P-II.

Areas in the premises of local exhaust fans are classified as fire hazardous in the same class as the area they serve.

For fans installed outside the building and serving fire hazardous zones of class P-II and fire hazardous zones of any class of local suction, electric motors are selected as for class P-III zones.

5.9. Rooms for ventilation equipment should be located within the fire compartment in which the serviced rooms are located. Premises for ventilation equipment may be located behind the fire wall of the fire compartment or within the fire zone in buildings of I, II and IIIa fire resistance degrees. In this case, the room should be directly adjacent to the fire wall; equipment for servicing rooms located on opposite sides of the fire wall should not be placed in it, and fire-retarding valves should be provided on air ducts crossing the fire wall (4.102).

5.10. The enclosing structures of premises for ventilation equipment located behind a fire wall (see clause 5.9) should be provided with a fire resistance limit of 0.75 hours, doors - with a fire resistance limit of 0.6 hours (10.6).

5.11. It is prohibited to lay pipes with flammable combustible liquids and gases through ventilation equipment rooms (4.107).

5.12. Dust collectors for dry cleaning of explosive dust-air mixtures should be placed openly outside industrial buildings, at a distance of at least 10 m from the walls, or in separate buildings, as a rule, together with fans, installing dust collectors, usually in front of the fans.

Dust collectors for dry cleaning of explosive dust-air mixtures without devices for continuous dust removal with an air flow rate of 15 thousand m 3 /h or less and a mass of dust in bins and containers of 60 kg or less, as well as with devices for continuous dust removal, may be placed together with fans in separate rooms for ventilation equipment of industrial buildings, except for basements (4.87).

Rooms with dust collectors for dry cleaning of explosive mixtures are not allowed to be located under rooms with large numbers of people (except in emergency situations) (4.103).

5.13. Dust collectors for dry cleaning of flammable dust-air mixtures should be placed:

a) outside buildings of I and II fire resistance degrees directly next to the walls, if there are no window openings along the entire height of the buildings and at a horizontal distance of at least 2 m from dust collectors or if there are non-opening windows with double frames in metal frames with reinforced glass glazing or filling from glass blocks; if there are opening windows, place dust collectors at a distance of at least 10 m from the walls of the building;

b) outside buildings of III, IIIa, IIIb, IV, IVa, V degrees of fire resistance at a distance of at least 10 m from the walls;

c) inside buildings in separate rooms for ventilation equipment together with fans and other dust collectors for flammable dust-air mixtures; installation of such dust collectors is allowed in basements provided that combustible dust is mechanically removed continuously or manually removed from dust collectors, if the mass of accumulated dust in bunkers and other closed containers in the basement does not exceed 200 kg, as well as inside industrial premises (except for premises of categories A and B) with an air flow rate of no more than 15 thousand m 3 /h, if dust collectors are interlocked with process equipment (4.88).

5.14. In industrial premises, it is allowed to install filters to purify flammable dust-air mixtures from combustible dust, if the concentration of dust in the purified air entering directly into the room where the filters are installed does not exceed 30% of the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area (4.88).

5.15. Dust settling chambers for explosive and fire hazardous dust-air mixtures are not allowed (4.89).

5.16. Equipment for supply ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems (hereinafter referred to as equipment for supply systems) serving premises of categories A and B is not allowed to be placed in a common room for ventilation equipment together with equipment for exhaust systems, as well as equipment for supply and exhaust systems with air recirculation or air-to-air heat exchangers (4.91).

On this basis (Fig. 1), in one room it is possible to place equipment 1 of all systems operating in outdoor air for industrial premises of categories A, B, D and D, by installing explosive check valves 2 on the air ducts of systems serving premises of categories A and B and auxiliary premises located on their area - rest rooms or warming rooms for workers, offices of craftsmen, storerooms. In addition, in the room for ventilation equipment, it is possible to install air supply equipment for this room, as well as for administrative and utility rooms located in a building or extension to the building. In the same room for ventilation equipment, supply equipment can be installed, operating without recirculation, designed to serve premises of category B - in Fig. 1 it is not shown; such solutions are rare. Typically, air supply equipment for premises of category B is installed together with an exhaust air supply (Fig. 2), but exhaust equipment is prohibited from being installed together with an air supply for premises of categories A and B.

5.17. Equipment for supply systems with air recirculation serving premises of categories B is not allowed to be placed in common rooms for ventilation equipment together with equipment for systems for premises of other fire and explosion hazard categories (4.92).

On this basis (Fig. 2) for any number of supply 1, exhaust or recirculation systems 2, for premises of category B, you can design a common room for ventilation equipment, and in this room you can install supply and exhaust equipment for its ventilation (4.105 and 4.106) .

5.18. Equipment for air supply systems serving residential premises is not allowed to be placed in a common room for ventilation equipment instead of with equipment for air supply systems serving public service premises, as well as with equipment for exhaust systems (4.93).

The requirements of clause 4.93 are illustrated in Fig. 3, where pos. 1 shows the supply and pos. 2 - exhaust equipment.

5.19. Equipment for general ventilation exhaust systems serving rooms of categories A and B should not be placed in a common room for ventilation equipment together with equipment for other systems.

Equipment for exhaust systems of general exchange ventilation of premises of categories A and B may be placed in a common room for ventilation equipment together with equipment for local suction of explosive mixtures without dust collectors or with wet dust collectors, if deposition of flammable substances is excluded in the air ducts.

Equipment for exhaust systems from premises of category B should not be placed in common rooms with equipment for exhaust systems from premises of category G (4.95).

The requirements of clause 4.95 of SNiP are illustrated in Fig. 4, where exhaust ventilation equipment of general exchange ventilation 1 and local exhaust 2 without dust collectors and filters and exhaust fans 3 with wet (foam) dust collectors 4, in the air ducts of which flammable substances are not collected, are placed together in one common room for ventilation equipment, and the system equipment local exhaust units 5, in the air ducts and filter 6 of which dry combustible dust is deposited, are located in another room for ventilation equipment; pos. 7 - vestibule-gateway for premises of categories A or B.

5.20. Equipment, except for the equipment of air and air-thermal curtains with and without air recirculation, is not allowed to be placed in the serviced premises:

b) residential, public and administrative buildings, except for equipment with an air flow of 10 thousand m 3 / h or less.

Equipment for emergency ventilation systems and local suction systems may be placed in the premises they serve (4.82).

5.21. Equipment for systems for premises of categories A and B, as well as equipment for systems for local suction of explosive mixtures, is not allowed to be placed in basement premises (4.84).

5.22. Equipment for exhaust systems 1, the heat (cold) of which comes (Fig. 5) from premises of categories A and B (8.5) and is used in air-to-air heat exchangers 2 (in heat exchangers made from “heat pipes”), may be placed in a common room for ventilation equipment together with equipment for local suction of explosive mixtures without dust collectors or with wet dust collectors (foam) 4, if there are no deposits of flammable substances in the air ducts. On the partitions separating a room of category A or B with exhaust equipment 1 and 3 from a room with supply equipment 2 and 5, also of category A or B, since the equipment operates on air from rooms of category A or B, fire-retarding valves are not installed. Valves 7 regulate the air supply to heat exchangers 2. Air heated in heat exchangers from premises of categories A or B, according to (8.5), must be used only in premises of categories A or B. Heat exchangers must be supplied in an explosion-proof design. Explosion-proof check valves 6 (4.91) are installed on air ducts supplying supply air to rooms of category A or B.

5.23. Equipment for exhaust systems 8 (Fig. 5), the heat (cold) of which is supplied with air from premises of category B to air-to-air heat exchanger 9, is not allowed (4.95) to be placed in a common room with equipment for exhaust systems from premises of category G; in addition, in accordance with clause 4.92 of SNiP, in the room where equipment 8 and 9 is located, it is not allowed to place any ventilation equipment, except for equipment serving premises of category B.

5.24. Compressor-type refrigeration units with freon refrigerant with an oil content in any of the refrigeration machines of 250 kg or more are not allowed to be placed in the premises of industrial, public and administrative buildings if there are rooms with permanent or temporary mass above their ceiling or basement (except for emergency situations). ) the presence of people.

In residential buildings, medical institutions, (hospitals), boarding schools, children's institutions and hotels, refrigeration units, except for refrigeration units of autonomous air conditioners, are not allowed (6.9).

5.25. Refrigeration units with ammonia refrigerant can be used to supply refrigeration to industrial premises, placing the units in separate buildings, extensions or separate rooms of one-story industrial buildings. Condensers and evaporators may be placed in open areas at a distance of at least 2 m from the building wall. The use of surface air coolers with ammonia refrigerant is not allowed (6.10).

5.26. Premises housing lithium bromide or steam ejector refrigeration machines and heat pumps with freon refrigerants should be classified as category D, and with ammonia refrigerant - to category B. Oil storage should be provided in a separate room (6.14).

6. AIR DUCTS

6.1. In the air ducts of general ventilation systems, air heating, air conditioning and local suction of non-combustible substances (hereinafter referred to as “ventilations”), to protect against the penetration of combustion products (smoke) during a fire from one room to another, the following should be installed:

a) fire-retarding valves in floor prefabricated air ducts at the points of connection to the vertical collector of branches from public (except for medical and preventive), administrative and industrial premises of category G;

b) air valves in floor prefabricated air ducts at the points of connection to the vertical or horizontal collector of branches from residential, public, administrative and household (except for bathrooms, washrooms, showers, baths) premises and industrial premises of category G; The use of vertical collectors in buildings for medical and preventive purposes is not allowed; Each horizontal collector should not be connected to more than five floor air ducts (4.109) from successive floors.

Note. It is allowed to combine air ducts for general exhaust ventilation of residential, public and administrative premises with a warm attic. It is not allowed to combine air ducts for medical and preventive buildings with a warm attic (4.109).

6.2. In the air ducts of general ventilation systems for air heating and air conditioning of rooms of categories A, B (or C) and local suction of hot substances and explosive mixtures, to protect against the penetration of combustion products (smoke) during a fire from one room to another, the following should be installed:

a) fire-retarding valves in explosion-proof*) design in places where air ducts cross a ceiling or fire barrier; when installing valves under the ceiling, in a barrier, near a barrier on any side or beyond, a fire resistance limit equal to the fire resistance limit of the barrier should be ensured in the section of the air duct from the barrier to the valve;

b) a fire-retarding valve in an explosion-proof* version on each transit collection air duct (at a distance of no more than 1 m from the branch closest to the fan), serving a group of premises (except warehouses) with a total area of ​​no more than 300 m2 within one floor with exits to the common corridor;

c) check valves in explosion-proof*) design on separate air ducts for each room at the points where they are connected to the prefabricated air duct or manifold, usually located in the room for ventilation equipment (4.109). For rooms of category B, the same valves are installed in the usual version.

6.3. If the installation of valves or air seals according to paragraphs. 6.1 and 6.2 is impossible, then combining air ducts from different rooms into one system is not allowed, and separate systems without valves or air seals should be designed for each room (4.109, Appendix 2).

6.4. To protect against the penetration of explosive air into fans in the usual design: for supply systems on air ducts serving premises of categories A and B and administration, rest and heating rooms located on the area of ​​​​these premises, explosion-proof check valves should be provided at the points where the air ducts cross the fence of the premises for ventilation equipment (4.75).

6.5. In fire walls and partitions separating public, administrative, domestic or industrial premises of categories D and D from corridors, it is allowed to install openings for air flow, provided that the openings are protected with fire-retarding valves. (4.110, “Change No. ”1).

6.6. Fire dampers installed in openings and in air ducts crossing ceilings and fire barriers should be provided with a fire resistance limit:

1 hour - with the rated fire resistance limit of the ceiling or barrier being 1 hour or more;

0.5 hours - with the rated fire resistance limit of the ceiling or barrier being 0.75 hours;

0.25 hours - with the rated fire resistance limit of the ceiling or barrier being 0.25 hours.

In other cases, fire retardant valves should be provided not less than the fire resistance limit of the air duct for which they are intended, but not less than 0.25 h (4.123).

6.7. Air ducts should be designed from non-combustible materials (except asbestos cement):

a) for systems of local suction of explosive and fire-hazardous mixtures, emergency systems and systems transporting air with a temperature of 80 ° C and above along their entire length;

b) for transit sections or collectors of general ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems of residential, public, administrative, domestic and industrial buildings;

c) for installation within rooms for ventilation equipment, in technical floors, attics and basements (4.113).

6.8. Air ducts made of low-flammability materials may be designed in one-story buildings for residential, public and administrative, service and industrial premises of category D, except for systems of local suction of explosive and fire-hazardous mixtures, emergency ventilation systems, systems transporting air with a temperature of 80 ° C and above throughout their length, and premises with large numbers of people (4.114).

6.9. Air ducts made of flammable materials may be provided within the premises served, except for the air ducts specified in clause 6.7 of the manual.

Flexible inserts and outlets made of flammable materials in air ducts of systems serving and passing through premises of category D are allowed to be designed if their length is no more than 10% of the length of air ducts made of low-combustible materials and no more than 5% for air ducts made of combustible materials. Flexible inserts for fans, except for the systems specified in clause 6.7. Benefits may be designed from combustible materials (4.115).

6.10. Fireproof building structures with a fire resistance limit equal to or greater than that required for air ducts are allowed to be used for transporting air that does not contain easily condensable vapors, while sealing of the structures, smooth finishing of internal surfaces (grouting, pasting, etc.) and the possibility of cleaning air ducts should be provided (4.111 ).

6.11. In fire walls, it is allowed to install ventilation and smoke ducts so that where they are located, the fire resistance limit of the fire wall on each side of the duct is at least 2.5 hours (3.9 SNiP 2.01.02-85*).

6.12. Fire walls of the zone, and such fire resistant ceilings of type I, having a rated fire resistance limit of 2.5 hours, are not allowed to be crossed by channels, shafts and pipelines for transporting flammable gases and dust-air mixtures, flammable liquids, substances and materials (clause 3.19 of SNiP 2.01 .02-85*).

6.13. Transit sections of air ducts serving premises of categories A and B and local suction of explosive mixtures must be made tight - class II (4.117).

6.14. Transit air ducts and manifolds after crossing the ceiling or fire barrier of a serviced or other room all the way to the room for ventilation equipment should be provided with a fire resistance rating not less than that specified in Appendix 9 (Table 2).

6.15. For premises of public, administrative and domestic buildings, as well as for premises of category B (except for warehouses category B), D and D, it is allowed to design transit air ducts from non-combustible materials with a non-standardized fire resistance limit, providing for the installation of fire-retarding valves when the air ducts cross a floor with a rated fire resistance limit of 0 ,25 hours or more or each fire barrier with a rated fire resistance limit of 0.75 hours or more (4.119).

6.16. Transit air ducts and manifolds for systems of any purpose can be designed:

a) from slow-burning and combustible materials, provided that each air duct is laid in a separate shaft, casing or sleeve made of non-combustible materials with a fire resistance limit of 0.5 hours;

b) from non-combustible materials with a fire resistance limit below the standard, but not lower than 0.25 hours for air ducts and manifolds for premises of categories A, B and C, provided that air ducts and manifolds are laid in common shafts and other enclosures made of non-combustible materials with a fire resistance limit of 0 .5 h (4.120).

6.17. Transit air ducts for airlock systems in rooms of categories A and B should be designed with a fire resistance limit of 0.5 hours (4.122).

6.18. Transit air ducts for local suction systems for explosive mixtures should be designed with a fire resistance limit of 0.5 hours (4.122).

6.19. Transit air ducts should not be laid through stairwells (with the exception of air supply ducts for smoke ventilation) and through shelter rooms (4.125).

6.20. Air ducts for premises of categories A and B and systems of local suction of explosive mixtures should not be laid in basements and underground ducts (4.126).

Transit air ducts should not be laid through the premises of transformer substations, battery and other electrical premises, as well as through the premises of control panels.

6.21. Pressure sections of local suction systems for explosive mixtures should not be routed through other rooms. It is allowed to lay the specified welded air ducts of class II without detachable connections (4.129).

6.22. Places where transit air ducts pass through walls, partitions and ceilings (including in casings and shafts) should be sealed with non-combustible materials, ensuring the rated fire resistance limit for the fences being crossed (4.127).

6.23. Air ducts through which explosive mixtures are transported may be crossed by pipelines with coolants having a temperature no less than 20% below the auto-ignition temperature, °C, of ​​gases, vapors, dust and aerosols contained in the transported mixture (4.128).

6.24. It is not allowed to place gas pipelines and pipelines with flammable substances, cables, electrical wiring and sewer pipelines inside the air ducts and at a distance of 50 mm from the outer surface of their walls; It is also not allowed to cross the air ducts with these communications (4.130).

6.25. Air ducts of general exchange exhaust systems and systems of local suction of mixtures with flammable gases lighter than air should be laid with a rise of at least 0.005 in the direction of movement of the gas-air mixture (4.131).

6.26. Air ducts in which precipitation or condensation of moisture or other liquids is possible should be laid with a slope of at least 0.005 in the direction of air movement and drainage should be provided (4.132).

7. POWER SUPPLY AND AUTOMATION

7.1. The power supply for emergency ventilation and smoke protection systems (except for systems for removing smoke and gases after a fire) should be of category I. If, due to local conditions, it is impossible to supply power to category I electrical receivers from two independent sources, they can be powered from one source from different transformers of a two-transformer substation or from two nearby single-transformer substations. In this case, substations must be connected to different supply lines, laid along different routes, and have automatic transfer devices, as a rule, on the low voltage side (9.1).

7.2. In buildings and premises equipped with smoke protection systems, automatic fire alarms should be provided (9.2).

7.3. For buildings and premises equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations or automatic fire alarms, it is necessary to provide for blocking of electrical receivers (except for electrical receivers of equipment connected to a single-phase lighting network) of ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems (hereinafter referred to as “ventilation systems”, as well as smoke protection systems with these settings for automatic:

a) shutdown of ventilation systems in case of fire, except for air supply systems to airlocks in rooms of categories A and B;

b) activation of emergency smoke protection systems in case of fire (except for systems for removing gases and smoke after a fire);

c) opening smoke valves in the room or smoke zone in which the fire occurred, or in the corridor on the floor of the fire and closing fire suppression valves (9.3).

Notes 1. The need for partial or complete shutdown of ventilation systems should be determined according to technological requirements.

2. For rooms with only a manual alarm system, provision should be made for remote shutdown of ventilation systems serving these rooms and activation of smoke protection systems (9.3).

CO. Experiments on removing smoke from a fire at a textile factory in Moscow showed that supplying fresh air to zones opposite to the places where the fire occurred significantly protects these zones from smoke penetration there, creating favorable conditions for evacuating people from the building.

7.4. Smoke and fire-retarding valves, transoms, sashes and other opening devices of shafts, lanterns and windows, intended or used for smoke protection, must have automatic, remote and manual (at the place of their installation) control (9.3).

CO. Smoke and fire-retarding valves that meet the requirements of clause 7.4 of the manual are developed and manufactured by the Russian company VINGS. Smoke valves are also produced by other companies. Data on fire-retarding and smoke valves are given in Appendices 2-8 to the manual.

The leakage of the ledge of a closed valve is determined by the air flow rate sucked through the closed valve, kg/s; it should be taken according to the manufacturer’s data, but should not exceed the standard value:

G£0.0112( A×D R)0,5 (6)

A- valve flow area, m2;

D R- pressure difference, Pa, on both sides of the valve (clause 5.46 SNiP).

7.5. Premises that have an automatic fire extinguishing installation or an automatic fire alarm must be equipped with remote devices located outside the premises they serve, duplicating in case of fire the shutdown of systems according to clause 7.3a, the activation of systems according to clause 7.3b, the opening and closing of valves according to clause 7.3 V.

If there are requirements for simultaneous shutdown of all ventilation systems in rooms of categories A and B, remote devices should be provided outside the building.

7.6. Grounding or grounding should be provided in accordance with the requirements of the PUE:

a) housings of electrical machines, transformers, drives of electrical devices and other equipment and structures specified in clause 1.7.46 of the PUE, regardless of the place or room in which they are installed;

b) metal pipelines and air ducts of heating and ventilation systems for premises of categories A and B and local suction systems that remove explosive mixtures.

7.7. Alarms about equipment operation (“On”, “Alarm”) should be provided for local suction systems that remove explosive mixtures, as well as for local suction systems that remove non-explosive substances with air from rooms of categories A and B, general exhaust ventilation of rooms of categories A and B. ventilation of warehouses of categories A and B, if in warehouses deviation of controlled parameters from the norm can lead to an accident (9.9).

7.8. Automatic blocking should be provided for:

a) closing the valves on the air ducts for the premises protected by gas fire extinguishing installations when the fans of the ventilation systems of these premises are turned off;

b) switching on backup equipment when the main one fails;

c) turning on emergency ventilation systems when concentrations of flammable substances in the air of the working area of ​​the room are formed in excess of 10% of the NKPRP for gas, steam, dust-air mixtures 9.13).

7.9. Automatic blocking of fans (in the absence of backup) of local suction and general ventilation systems specified in paragraphs. 2.5 and 3.10 Facilities that do not have backup fans, with process equipment, should be designed to ensure that the process equipment stops when the fan fails, and if it is impossible to stop the process equipment, an alarm is turned on (9.14 Amendment 1).

7.10. For transom shutters or blinds in light openings of industrial and public buildings located at a height of 2.2 or more from the floor or working platform, remote and manual opening devices should be provided, located within the working or service area of ​​the room, and used for removal smoke in case of fire - outside these premises (10.2, 9.3).

DEFINITION OF TERMS

AEROSOL is a dispersed system with air and solid or liquid dispersed phases, the particles of which can remain suspended indefinitely. The finest particles are close in size to large molecules, and the sizes of the largest particles reach 0.1 - 1 microns.

VENTILATION - exchange of air in rooms to remove excess heat, moisture, harmful and other substances in order to ensure acceptable meteorological conditions and air purity in the serviced or working area.

UPPER ZONE OF THE PREMISES - a zone of the room located above the service or working area.

EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE - a mixture of flammable gases, vapors, dust (fibers), aerosols with air under normal atmospheric conditions (pressure 760 mm Hg and temperature 20 ° C), if combustion develops an explosion pressure exceeding 5 kPa. The explosiveness of the mixture should be taken into account according to the design specifications.

AIR SHUTTER - a vertical section of the air duct that changes the direction of movement of smoke (combustion products) by 180°, preventing the penetration of smoke from the lower floors to the higher ones in the event of a fire.

IMBALANCE - the difference in air flow rates supplied to a room (building) and removed from it by forced ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems.

SMOKE VALVE - a valve with a standardized fire resistance limit that opens in case of fire.

SMOKE RECEIPT DEVICE - holes in the air duct (duct, shaft) with a smoke valve installed on it.

SMOKE ZONE - part of a room with a total area of ​​no more than 1600 m2, from which smoke is removed in the initial stage of a fire, at a rate that ensures the evacuation of people from the burning room.

PROTECTED PREMISES - a room, at the entrance to which, to prevent the flow of air, there is a vestibule-lock, in which increased pressure is created, or increased or decreased air pressure is created in the protected room itself in relation to adjacent displacements.

COLLECTOR - a section of air duct to which air ducts from two or more floors are connected.

AIR CONDITIONING - automatic maintenance in enclosed spaces of all or individual air parameters (temperature, relative humidity, cleanliness, speed of movement) in order to ensure, mainly, optimal meteorological conditions that are most favorable for the well-being of people, conducting the technological process, and ensuring the preservation of cultural values.

CORRIDOR WITHOUT NATURAL LIGHT - a corridor that does not have lighting devices in the external fences.

PANTRY - a warehouse in which there are no permanent jobs.

LOCAL SUCTION - a device for removing harmful and explosive gases, vapors, dust or aerosols (umbrella, side suction, fume hood, air intake casing, etc.) from the places of their formation (machine, apparatus, bath, work table, chamber, cabinet, etc.), connected to the air ducts of local exhaust systems and, as a rule, being an integral part of the process equipment.

PLACE OF CONSTANT RESIDENCE OF PEOPLE IN THE PREMISES - a place where people stay for more than 2 hours continuously.

MULTI-STOREY BUILDING - a building with 2 or more floors.

NON-PERMANENT WORKPLACE - a place where people work less than two hours per shift continuously or less than 50% of the time.

SERVICE AREA - a room space with a height of 2 m with constant presence of people if people are standing or moving, and 1.5 m if people are sitting.

FIRE-RESISTANT AIR DUCT - a dense air duct with walls that have a standardized fire resistance limit.

FIRE RETARDANT VALVE - a normally open valve with a regulated fire resistance limit, which closes automatically or remotely in the event of a fire to prevent the spread of combustion products.

FIRE RETARDANT SELF-CLOSING VALVE - a fire retardant valve that closes under the influence of gravity when air flow through the valve stops.

HEATING - maintaining a normal temperature in enclosed spaces.

FIRE HAZARDOUS MIXTURE - a mixture of flammable gases, vapors, dust, fibers with air, if during its combustion a pressure develops that does not exceed 5 kPa. The fire hazard of the mixture must be specified in the design specifications.

PERMANENT WORKPLACE - a place where people work for more than 2 hours continuously or more than 50% of the working time.

PREMISES WITH MASSIVE OCCUPATION OF PEOPLE - premises (halls and foyers of theatres, cinemas, boardrooms, meetings, lecture rooms, auditoriums, restaurants, lobbies, box office halls, production halls and others) with permanent and temporary occupancy of people (except for emergency situations) numbering more than 1 person . per 1 m2 of room area with a room area of ​​50 m2 or more.

ROOM WITHOUT NATURAL VENTILATION - a room without openable windows or openings in the external walls or a room with openable windows (openings) located at a distance exceeding five times the height of the room.

A ROOM WITHOUT NATURAL LIGHT - a room that does not have windows or light openings in external fences.

DUST - a dispersed system with air and a solid dispersed phase, consisting of particles of quasi-molecular to macroscopic sizes; the soaring speed of these particles is up to 10 cm/s, and the resistance to their movement relative to the medium (air) obeys Stokes' law.

WORKING AREA - a space above the floor or working platform with a height of 2 m if work is done while standing, or 1.5 m when working while sitting.

SMOKE RESERVOIR - a smoke zone fenced around the perimeter with non-flammable curtains descending from the ceiling (floor) to a level of no more than 2.5 m from the floor.

BACKUP VENTILATION SYSTEM (backup fan) - a system (fan) provided in addition to the main ones to automatically turn on when one of the main systems (fan) fails.

AIR RECIRCULATION - mixing indoor air with outside air and supplying this mixture to this or another room; Recirculation is not the mixing of air within one room, including that accompanied by heating (cooling) by heating (cooling) units or appliances or fans.

ASSEMBLY DUCT - a section of air duct to which air ducts installed on the same floor are connected.

LOCAL EXTRACTION SYSTEM - a local exhaust ventilation system, to the air ducts: to which local exhausts are connected.

TRANSIT DUCT - a section of air duct laid outside the premises it serves or a group of premises served by the prefabricated air duct.

Annex 1

FIRE FIGHTING REQUIREMENTS FOR THERMAL INSULATION STRUCTURES

1. Thermal insulation structures made of flammable materials are not allowed to be used for equipment and pipelines located:

a) in buildings of I, II, III, IIIa, IIIb, IV degree of fire resistance in one- and two-apartment residential buildings and in refrigerated rooms of refrigerators;

b) in external technological installations, free-standing equipment;

c) on overpasses and galleries in the presence of cables and pipelines transporting flammable substances.

2. Thermal insulation structures made of combustible materials are allowed:

a) a vapor barrier layer no more than 2 mm thick;

b) painting or film with a thickness of no more than 0.4 mm;

c) a covering layer on pipelines located in technical basement floors in buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance, when installing inserts 3 m long from non-combustible materials at least every 30 m of the pipeline length;

d) a thermal insulation layer made of cast polyurethane foam with a cover layer of galvanized steel for apparatus and pipelines containing flammable substances with a temperature of minus 40 ° C in external technological installations (clause 2.15 of SNiP 2.04.14-88).

Note. When using a covering layer of low-flammability materials for outdoor technological installations with a height of 6 m and above, fiberglass should be used as a base.

3. For overhead pipelines when using thermal insulation structures made of combustible materials, the following must be provided:

a) 3 m long inserts made of non-combustible materials no less than every 100 m of the pipeline length;

b) areas of thermal insulation structures made of non-combustible materials at a distance of 5 m or less from technological installations containing flammable gases and liquids.

4. When the pipeline crosses a fire barrier, thermal insulation structures made of non-combustible materials should be provided within the size of the fire barrier (clause 2.16 of SNiP 2.04.14-88).

Appendix 2.

The fire-retarding valve type KOM-1 is designed to automatically block the spread of combustion products during a fire through air ducts, shafts and channels of ventilation and air conditioning systems.

The valve is used in accordance with SNiP 2.04.05-91. The valve is installed on horizontal and vertical sections of air ducts at the intersection of building structures with a standardized fire resistance limit.

The valve is not intended for installation in air ducts of premises of categories A and B, air ducts for local suction of explosive mixtures, as well as in air ducts for which routine cleaning to prevent the formation of deposits is not provided.

1. Standard cross-sectional range, mm a ´ b

250´250; 500´500; 800´300 mm. For special orders 300´300;

400x400; 600x600 mm.

2. Fire resistance limit, h, not less than 1.5

3. Operating temperature of a low-melting lock, °C 72

4. Response inertia, s, no more than 2

5. Rated AC voltage

frequency 50 Hz, V 220 and 24

6. Closing drive type - automatic

electric

and automatic with

using

fusible lock.

7. Opening drive type - manual.

8. Installation dimensions, mm, not less: a + 135

9. Resistance to smoke penetration in closed

position, kg -1 ×m -1 10 6 *)

G = 3,6(P D R) 0.5, where P- perimeter of the vestibule, m; D R

Description of design

The valve consists of a body (1) and a heat-insulated damper (2), made of galvanized sheet steel or black sheet steel with a protective coating, an actuator with an electromagnet (3), a fusible lock (4) and limit switches (5) to ensure closed control or open position of the valve flap.

The valve is closed by means of a driving electromagnetic device, when actuated, the lever engaged on the damper axis disengages. Under the influence of springs attached to the damper axis, the latter closes.

The tightness (smoke-gas tightness) of the valve in the closed position is ensured by a special heat-resistant seal placed around the perimeter of the valve.

Appendix 3

Designed to block the spread of fires through air ducts, shafts and channels of ventilation and air conditioning systems of buildings and structures for various purposes. Complies with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-91.

Allowed for use in systems serving premises with explosive zones of any class when placed behind the enclosing structures of such premises in accordance with the instructions for installation, commissioning and operation. Can be installed directly in rooms with explosive zones of class B-IIa. Retains functionality when installed in any spatial orientation. Closing drive (triggered in case of fire) - automatic based on signals from fire detectors and remote. The automatic closing drive is duplicated by a thermal lock. The opening drive is remote.

Main technical characteristics

1. Fire resistance limit, h

not less...................................................................................... 0.5

no more.......................... 1.5*

2. Resistance to smoke and gas permeation in the closed position,

kg -1 ×m -1 , not less......…………………………………........... 10 6 **

3. Standard range of internal dimensions of the transverse

cross-section, mm.......................................................................... 250´250

* - a modified version provides a tactical fire resistance limit of up to 2 hours.

** - air permeability of a closed valve, kg/h, G = 3.6( P D R) 0.5, where P- perimeter of the vestibule, m; D R- pressure difference on both sides of the valve, Pa.

*** - upon special orders, valves with cross-sectional dimensions of 300´300, 400´400, 600´600 are manufactured; For air duct sizes larger than 800´800, a cassette assembly of standard valves is used.

Description of valve design

The valve consists of a body (1) with a removable hatch (2) for servicing the internal cavity of the valve, a heat-insulated flap (5) made of thin sheet steel, shells (4) providing rigidity to the body, flanges (3) for joining with air ducts, and an electric actuator (7), the output shaft of which is connected by a lever system (11) to the axis of rotation (6) of the damper, closed on top by a metal casing (9). A low-fusible lock (10) is installed inside the housing, connected by a lever to the drive.

The tightness (gas tightness) of the valve in the closed position is ensured by a heat-resistant seal located around the perimeter of the damper support contour (8).

The opening or closing of the valve is carried out by applying voltage to the electric actuator, the rotation of the output shaft of which by 1/4 turn ensures through the lever system (11) the rotation of the damper and the opening or closing of the valve flow area.

If the electric drive fails, automatic closing of the damper is ensured by springs, which are released after the low-melting lock melts under the influence of high-temperature gases.

Appendix 4

The KDM-1 smoke removal valve is intended for use in smoke protection systems for buildings to ensure the removal of combustion products from floor corridors and halls.

The valve is installed in the openings of smoke exhaust ducts provided in the building envelope.

Main technical characteristics*)

1. Flow area, m2, not less.....………………………........ 0.25

2. Fire resistance limit, h, not less..........………………………....……...... 1

3. Valve resistance to gas permeation in the closed position,

kg -1 ×m -1 , not less......………………………………………………………........ 4.10 4 *

4. Inertia of valve actuation, s, no more.………………......... 2

5. Rated voltage of alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz, V............. 220 and 24

6. Opening drive type - automatic electric

7. Closing drive type - manual

3. Installation dimensions:

length, mm, no more.......…………….…........ 740

height, mm, no more.....…………….…........ 504

width, mm, not less...……………….…........ 160

*) Air permeability of a closed valve, kg/h, G = 18(P D R) 0.5, where P- perimeter of the vestibule, m; D R- pressure difference on both sides of the valve, Pa.

Description of design

The valve consists of a body (1) and two thermally insulated flaps (2), made of galvanized sheet steel or sheet steel with a protective coating, a drive device with an electromagnet (3), limit switches (4) to control the closed or open position of the flaps, a block clamps (5), push-button switch (6), cover (7) and decorative grille (8).

The valve is opened by means of an electromagnetic drive device, when activated, the levers attached to the valve axes disengage. Under the influence of springs attached to the axes of the sashes, the latter open.

The tightness (smoke-gas tightness) of the valve in the closed position is ensured by a special heat-resistant seal placed around the perimeter of the valves.

Application. 5

The KDM-2 valve is designed to open a hole (opening) in the channel (shaft) of the exhaust or supply systems of emergency smoke ventilation of buildings and structures for various purposes.

The valve is used in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-91. The valve cannot be installed in rooms of fire and explosion safety categories A and B.

The valve remains operational when installed in horizontal, vertical or inclined planes.

Main technical characteristics

1. Flow area, m 2, .............................................................. 0.33

2. Fire resistance limit, min, not less....………………………............ 60

3. Valve resistance to smoke and gas permeation when closed

position, kg -1 ×m -1, not less....…………………………………………………….......... 4 ´ 10 4 *)

4. Inertia of valve actuation, s, no more...………………....... 2

5. Type of valve opening drive - automatic from external

fire alarm circuits, remote from the fire control panel

alarm and from the button on the valve.

6. Type of valve closing drive - manual.

7. Rated AC voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz, V:

for powering automatic and remote drives

valve opening......................................................................................................... .. 220

for power supply of valve leaf position control circuits……………..…... 24

8. Weight of valve with decorative grille, kg, no more than …………….….... 16

9. Valve service life before decommissioning, year, ....………………………... 12

10. The valve warranty period is 18 months. from the moment of installation,

but not more than 24 months. from the date of shipment of the valve to the consumer.

* Air permeability of a closed valve, kg/h, G= 27.9×D R 0.5, where D R- pressure difference on both sides of the valve, Pa.

Rice. 1. Design diagram of the KDM-2 valve (valve blade closed).

The valve consists of a body (1), a heat-insulated flap (2), made of galvanized sheet steel, an electromagnetic type drive device (5), a limit switch for monitoring the closed or open position of the flap, a terminal block, a push-button switch for autonomously checking the operation of the valve, decorative grille protecting live and moving parts of the valve from unauthorized persons. The tightness (smoke-gas tightness) of the valve in the closed position is ensured by a heat-resistant seal located around the perimeter of the support contour of the valve leaf.

The valve is opened by applying voltage to the electromagnetic device (5), when triggered, the bracket (6) attached to the flap is released from the drive lock (7), and under the action of the lever system (4) with springs, the flap (2) rotates on the axes ( 3), opening the valve flow area.

Appendix 6

Designed for controlled opening (or closing) of openings (openings) in channels, shafts and air ducts of exhaust and supply smoke ventilation systems, as well as general ventilation and air conditioning systems when used for smoke protection of buildings and structures for various purposes. Provides the possibility of automatic and remote control, as well as automatic control of operation and serviceability, regardless of the spatial orientation of its installation during installation. On special orders it is equipped with drives to ensure the possibility of use in hazardous areas of any class. Complies with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-91.

Main technical characteristics

Fire resistance limit, h

no less.....................…………………………….........0, 5

no more................................................................... 1, 5

Resistance to smoke and gas permeation in closed position,

kg -1 ×m -1 , not less.....………………………………………………………………………………........... 4.10 *)

Response delay, s, no more (opening or closing) ..................................... 30

(in the full opening and closing cycle) ........…………………………………........... 60

Rated supply voltage of the electric drive, V ……………………............. 220 (50 Hz)

Cross-sectional area, m 2, not less................................................... .................... 0.25

Service life before decommissioning, years................................................................................................ 12

*) Air permeability of a closed valve, kg/h, G = 18(P D R) 0.5, where P is the perimeter of the vestibule, m; D R- pressure difference on both sides of the valve, Pa.

The valve consists of a body (1), a heat-insulated leaf (2), made of galvanized sheet steel, and an electric actuator (5), the output shaft of which is connected by a lever system (4) to the valve leaf. The tightness (smoke-gas tightness) of the valve in the closed position is ensured by a heat-resistant seal located around the perimeter of the support contour of the valve leaf. The electric actuator can have two types of switches: a limit switch - PV (inside the actuator housing) - for electrically limiting the extreme positions of the output shaft; switch block - power supply unit, designed as a separate unit and designed to provide feedback on the position of the output shaft and signal the extreme positions of the output shaft.

The opening or closing of the valve is carried out by applying voltage to the electric actuator, turning the output shaft of which by 1/4 turn ensures, through the lever system (4), the rotation of the flap on the axes (3) and the opening or closing of the valve flow area.

Passage area,

The Orders of the Red Banner of Labor were DEVELOPED by the design institute Promstroyproekt (candidate of technical sciences B.V. Barkapov), the State design design and research institute Santekhniiproekt of the Gosstroy of Russia (T.I. Sadovskaya) with the participation of the GiproNII Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Dr. technical sciences E.E. Karpis, M.V. Shuvalova), VNIIPO Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (candidate of technical sciences I.I. Ilminsky), MNIITEP (candidate of technical sciences M.M. Grudzinsky), Riga Polytechnic Institute ( Candidate of Technical Sciences A.M. Sizov) and the Tyumen Civil Engineering Institute (Candidate of Technical Sciences A.F. Shapoval).

INTRODUCED by the Promstroyproekt Institute.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the Department of Standardization and Technical Standards in Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (V.A. Glukharev).

SNiP 2.04.05-91* is a reissue of SNiP 2.04.05-91 with change 1, approved by the resolution of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated January 21, 1994 No. 18-3, and change 2 approved by the resolution of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated May 15, 1997. ?18-11.

Sections, paragraphs, tables, formulas to which changes have been made are marked in these building codes and regulations with an asterisk.

When using a regulatory document, you should take into account the approved changes to building codes and regulations and state standards published in the journal "Bulletin of Construction Equipment" and the information index "State Standards" of the State Standard of Russia.

These building codes must be observed when designing heating, ventilation and air conditioning in the premises of buildings and structures (hereinafter referred to as buildings).

When designing, you should also comply with the requirements for heating, ventilation and air conditioning of other regulatory documents approved and agreed upon with the USSR Gosstroy (Ministry of Construction of Russia).

These standards do not apply to the design of:

A) heating, ventilation and air conditioning of shelters, structures intended for work with radioactive substances, sources of ionizing radiation; underground mining sites and premises in which explosives are produced, stored or used;

B) special heating, cooling and dust removal installations and devices for technological and electrical equipment, pneumatic transport systems and vacuum cleaners;

C) stove heating using gaseous and liquid fuels. Content:

4. Ventilation, air conditioning and air heating

SNiP 2.04.05-91* - Appendix 12. Mandatory. Calculation of heat flow and coolant flow in a water heating system

The Orders of the Red Banner of Labor were DEVELOPED by the design institute Promstroyproekt (candidate of technical sciences B.V. Barkalov), the State design design and research institute Santekhniiproekt of the Gosstroy of Russia (T.I. Sadovskaya) with the participation of the GiproNII Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Dr. technical sciences E.E. Karpis, M.V. Shuvalova), VNIIPO Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (candidate of technical sciences I.I. Ilminsky), MNIITEP (candidate of technical sciences M.M. Grudzinsky), Riga Polytechnic Institute ( Candidate of Technical Sciences A.M. Sizov) and the Tyumen Civil Engineering Institute (Candidate of Technical Sciences A.F. Shapoval).

SNiP 2.04.05-91* is a reissue of SNiP 2.04.05-91 with amendment No. 1, approved by Resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia dated January 21, 1994 N 18-3, amendment No. 2 approved by Resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia dated May 15, 1997 N 18-11 and amendment No. 3, approved by Resolution of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated October 22, 2002 No. 137.

When using a regulatory document, you should take into account the approved changes to building codes and regulations and state standards published in the journal "Bulletin of Construction Equipment" and the information index "State Standards" of the State Standard of Russia.

These building codes must be observed when designing heating, ventilation and air conditioning in the premises of buildings and structures (hereinafter referred to as buildings).

When designing, you should also comply with the requirements for heating, ventilation and air conditioning of other regulatory documents approved and agreed upon with the USSR Gosstroy (Ministry of Construction of Russia).

A) heating, ventilation and air conditioning of shelters, structures intended for work with radioactive substances, sources of ionizing radiation; underground mining sites and premises in which explosives are produced, stored or used;

B) special heating, cooling and dust removal installations and devices for technological and electrical equipment, pneumatic transport systems and vacuum cleaners;

A) standardized meteorological conditions and air purity in the serviced area of ​​residential, public, and administrative buildings of enterprises (hereinafter referred to as administrative buildings);

B) standardized meteorological conditions and air purity in the working area of ​​production, laboratory and warehouse (hereinafter referred to as production) premises in buildings of any purpose;

C) standardized levels of noise and vibration from the operation of equipment and heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, except for emergency ventilation systems and smoke protection systems, for which during operation or testing in accordance with GOST 12.1.003-83 in the premises where this equipment is installed, it is acceptable noise no more than 110 dBA, and with impulse noise no more than 125 dBA;

1.2. In projects for the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, residential, public and administrative buildings, existing heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems should be used during the feasibility study if they meet the requirements of the standards.

1.3. Heating and ventilation equipment, pipelines and air ducts located in rooms with an aggressive environment, as well as intended to remove air from an aggressive environment, should be made of anti-corrosion materials or with protective coatings against corrosion.

1.4. Hot surfaces of heating and ventilation equipment, pipelines and air ducts located in rooms where they pose a risk of ignition of gases, vapors, aerosols or dust should be insulated, ensuring that the temperature on the surface of the thermal insulation structure is at least 20% lower than their self-ignition temperature.

Note. If it is not technically possible to reduce the temperature of the insulation surface to the specified level, heating and ventilation equipment, pipelines and air ducts should not be placed in the specified rooms.

1.6. Heating and ventilation non-standardized equipment, air ducts and thermal insulation structures should be made from materials approved for use in construction.

2.1*. Meteorological conditions within acceptable standards should be taken according to mandatory Appendix 1 in the serviced area of ​​residential, public and administrative premises and according to mandatory Appendix 2 at permanent and non-permanent workplaces of industrial premises (except for premises for which meteorological conditions are established by other regulatory documents).

A) for the warm period of the year when designing ventilation in rooms with excess sensible heat (hereinafter referred to as heat) - the maximum permissible temperature, and in the absence of excess heat - economically feasible within the permissible temperatures;

B) for the cold period of the year and transitional conditions when designing heating and ventilation - economically feasible within the limits of optimal temperatures according to mandatory appendices 2 and 5.

2.2*. The air temperature in the working area of ​​production premises with fully automated technological equipment operating without the presence of people (except for duty personnel located in a special room and entering the production room periodically to inspect and adjust the equipment for no more than 2 hours continuously), in the absence of technological requirements for temperature The indoor regime should be:

A) for the warm period of the year in the absence of excess heat - equal to the outside air temperature, and in the presence of excess heat - 4 °C higher than the outside air temperature at parameters A, but not lower than 29 °C, if air heating is not required;