Sizes of reinforced concrete rings for sewerage. Calculation of a septic tank made of concrete rings

For many types of communications, not only pipes are often used, but also reinforced concrete rings. Today we will be interested in those types that are used for autonomous sewer devices. Previously, when the rings were inaccessible to the ordinary developer, the sewer well was either poured with concrete on the formwork, or laid out with brick. Naturally, it took a lot of time, money and was worth a lot of effort. Sewer rings have become available and with their help you can turnkey septic tank to the very last element, including the manhole cover.

  Sizes and price of concrete rings

Does it make sense to buy sewer rings, determined in each case, based on the parameters of the future septic tank. But in order to roughly estimate the estimate, you can look at the table where prices for various reinforced concrete rings for sewage are indicated.

Naturally, for the choice you need to know the size of the ring, and for this you need to carry out a simple calculation. First of all, you need to know how many people live permanently in the house and multiply the number of residents by the daily rate of water consumption. This is an average of 200 liters. It is also believed that in three days a completely filled septic tank recycles all sewage. Therefore, multiplying all these data, we obtain the volume of one ring in cubic centimeters. Divide by 100, as a result we get the required volume in cubic meters. The internal volume of the ring is calculated by a simple formula:

Substituting the obtained data into this formula, we obtain the required ring diameter. Now, using the size table below, we select the most suitable option among the standardized sizes concrete rings.

  Classification and Design

By design, sewer rings can be of three types:

1. Sewer rings with a lock connection. Such products are cast with a protrusion in the upper part and with a groove around the perimeter of the ring in the lower. When installing a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure of a septic tank or a well, the rings are connected by a lock connection. At the same time, they are guaranteed to maintain their original position and tightness.
2. Rings are reinforced concrete straight lines. They do not have a lock connection, therefore, when mounting the structure, they must be fixed with metal brackets and sealed with concrete mortar.
3. Filtration rings. The ring has perforation over the entire surface area, consisting of equal and equally spaced holes from each other. Such elements of the precast reinforced concrete structure are used in sewer wells  filtration type.

These are the main types of rings, but there are also products of lower height. It can be adjusting rings and additional elements that allow you to bring the height of the well to the required level relative to the ground. There are also rings with a larger wall thickness and a smaller diameter, which allows you to adjust the volume of the well. The additional element completely repeats the inner diameter of the main ring and allows you to set the inspection hatch at the required level.

  Advantages and disadvantages of reinforced concrete rings

Sewer rings are extremely durable and cheaper than similar drinking water products. The fact is that when choosing elements for a well device, it is necessary to be interested in what kind of solution was used to smear the mold during casting. For the manufacture of well rings for water, a wax-based coating is usually used, it is more expensive, but such rings will not leave marks or stains on the water. To other benefits sewer rings  include:

• high durability due to the use of high-quality concrete mix, the life of the products can greatly exceed the warranty of 50 years;
• rings are completely waterproof and resistant to groundwater;
• the rings include special plasticizers, which give them frost resistance properties;
• installation of rings is simple and fast enough;
• sewer rings are universal, they can be used for wiring communications and various pipelines, as well as for the installation of inspection hatches;
• ease of maintenance and cleaning is dictated by the smooth surface of the ring;
• rings are resistant to aggressive environments.

There are also some disadvantages. First of all, they include a lot of weight. By the way, there is no need to calculate the weight for each ring, typical sizes and the weight corresponding to them are given in a separate table. Difficult transportation and installation using lifting mechanisms also complicate the process of constructing sewer shafts, and in addition, for the operation of heavy equipment, it is sometimes necessary to sacrifice a certain area of \u200b\u200bthe fertile soil layer.

Ring setting

The process of mounting rings is only partially mechanized, so the main work has to be done manually. If the mine were square or smaller in diameter, it could be dug by drilling or using an excavator, and since the well has a round shape, it is necessary to dig manually. Initially, a pit breaks out, exceeding the dimensions of the first concrete ring by 10-15 cm, after which a ring is installed there, which will be the lowest.

Then, the soil is gradually taken out of the well, the first ring is lowered, and the next one is installed in its place, and so on, until the desired depth is reached. The joints are treated with concrete coating, and either a special round concrete slab is laid on the bottom of the well, or the bottom is simply concreted. The upper ring is coated with clay, a slab with an opening for the hatch is laid on top, either a cast-iron or plastic hatch is installed in it, or it is covered with a removable concrete cover. Good luck to everyone and easy installation!

What requirements does GOST 8020-90 contain for well rings? What types and sizes are these products? How much do they cost?

We will answer these and many other questions in the article.

Standard requirements

GOST 8020-90 regulates the production of all structures from heavy (that is, not porous in any way) concrete with and without reinforcement, used for the construction of round wells for the following purposes:

• Sewer (inspection, cleaning, collector, etc.)
• Gas pipelines (of course, where the gas pipeline passes underground).
• Plumbing. This includes wells for the removal of cold water to a private housedesigned to install stop valves on the highway, wells for fire hydrants and many others.
• Wells of storm sewers.

Curious: the standard does not provide for the use of structures for central heating inlets, the construction of water wells, septic tanks and cesspools.
  However, in practice such universal products, of course, are used much more widely than the normative document provides.

Let's go over the most interesting points of the standard.

1. In the product labeling, its purpose and main dimensions are indicated. So, KS-25-12 is a wall ring (intended for the working chamber or the neck of the well) with a diameter of 2.5 meters and a height of 1.19 meters (marking rounds the actual values \u200b\u200bto the nearest round number).
2. Reinforcement, if present, must be completely hidden by concrete to prevent accelerated corrosion. Moreover, the types of fittings are strictly regulated.
3. If the design of the ring provides for the running brackets, their width is taken equal to 30 cm, the depth is not less than 12 cm. The staples are protected from corrosion by paintwork.

1. Rings can be stored in no more than two rows vertically. Bottoms and floor slabs - no more than six rows, with mandatory laying of gaskets that are thicker than the height of the mounting loops.

Questions and answers

Dimensions

What can be the diameter of the rings? The diameter of the well ring varies from 60 to 250 centimeters.

In the photo - KS-25-12. Diameter - 2.5 meters.

To clarify: we are talking about the inner diameter. The outer is 16-24 centimeters larger due to the wall thickness.

The minimum height of the well ring is only 150 millimeters (for example, for KS-7-1.5). Maximum - 3.5 meters (KS-7-3). However, the highest demand products with a height of 90 - 100 centimeters.

What is the volume of water in the well ring? The volume of the cylinder is equal to the product of the square of its radius and the height and the number pi. Thus, for the most running rings with an inner diameter of 1.5 meters and a height of 0.9 meters, the internal volume will be (0.75 ^ 2) x 0.9 x 3.1415 \u003d 1.6 cubic meters.

To get the volume of the well ring in liters, just multiply this value by 1000: 1.6 x 1000 \u003d 1600 liters.

The formula for calculating the volume of the cylinder. R is its radius, H is its height.

Kinds

Are these products always an ordinary thick-walled cylinder? Not at all.

In the price lists of manufacturers you can find the following varieties:

•   - product with a groove and a protrusion on the upper and lower end, respectively. The design allows you to avoid lateral displacement of the elements of the well and significantly simplify its sealing.

• Products with a bottom are intended for installation of wells with a high level of groundwater, when drainage through the floor can lead not to drainage of the well, but to its filling.

Note!
  Rings with a bottom are often used for the construction of cesspools and primary sumps in makeshift septic tanks.
  However, for these purposes it is much better to use plastic containers or, in extreme cases, monolithic concrete structures.
  The instruction is connected with the inevitable violation of the tightness of the seams over time and, as a result, contamination of the soil with untreated sewage.

• The so-called additional - these are all products with a height of less than 40 centimeters. They are used for non-standard height or depth of the created structure (multiple height of one large ring).
• Perforated - having a large number of holes in the walls. Their purpose is the effective drainage of treated sewage into the ground. The scope is quite predictable: from them local treatment facilities.

Note: when choosing reinforced concrete products, it is worth considering that sellers (not manufacturers, namely sellers) do not always orient themselves in the marking or distort it.
  Say, a well ring K 10 to 10 may well turn out in the real world to be either a KS-10-10 ring or KCD-10-10ch, which differs from the previous one by the presence of a bottom, a lock and a double difference in cost.

Price list

How much does a well ring cost? Of course, the price depends on its size and shape.

Here are a few examples from the worldwide price list network found on the open spaces.

• KS-7-6 (diameter 70, height 60, ordinary wall ring) - 850 rubles.
• KS-20-9 (200x90 cm) - 4500 rubles.
• KS-15-10ch (150x100 cm, with a lock) - 3750 rubles.
• KDC-15-9 (150x90, with bottom) - 4650 rubles.
  
• KTSD-20-10ch (200x100 cm, with bottom and lock) - 18,000 rubles.

In the summer of 2011, I made a septic tank of concrete rings. In order to determine the type and design of sewers, there is now a sea of \u200b\u200binformation on the network. For example, just go to the same Okolotok and read the famous series of articles by Andrey Ratnikov (andrey R). There are a lot of photo reports for every taste - who did what and what happened as a result. In short, the sewage system for the home should consist of two parts - a septic tank-settler and a filter of one or another design. The volume of the septic tank should be equal to three times the daily volume of effluents. As an average volume, it is recommended to take 200 liters per day per person. In my opinion, the figure is very high, but so be it. Thus, a septic tank with a volume of 2.4 cubic meters is required for a family of 4 people, this is the optimum. Less kagbe is wrong by the norms, much more is wrong too: not very suitable conditions will be created for the life of the bacteria that inhabit the septic tank.

The groundwater level in my area, as it turned out, stands at around 2.4 meters. In addition to spring, in spring you can observe approximately the following picture:

It can be seen that there is a pit in which all the water from the area is collected. Previously, the center of the pit was much to the right, behind the fence, but a couple of years ago, a neighbor bought this site and lifted it. KAMAZ was brought in 20, if not more, construction debris and soil. I determined the place for the sewer opposite the far right window. To the left will be the entrance, gate and entrance. In general, the location of the sewage system in the spring floods with water. A puddle costs about 2-3 weeks, until the earth melts and all the water goes into the ground. A section of the soil, by the way, is this: about 50 cm of the fertile layer, then 2 meters or a little less brown clay, then sand and water. This was clarified by digging a hole under the sewer (when I was making a well, it turned out that after 50 cm of sand there were several meters of black clay, but I’ll tell you about it). Again, as it turned out, the sand layer and its thickness is highly dependent on the place. The neighbor said that at a distance of 30-40 meters the sand starts from a depth of a meter ... And I also remember that when water was carried along the street, then at 5 meters from this place the depth of the trench was not less than 2.40 and the water in it did not have. Apparently, the GWG also walks from the year and the amount of precipitation.

Now, it seems, I’ve talked all about local conditions, we will go directly to the construction of the sewage system and its implementation. The bottom of the septic tank is impossible and does not make sense to lay below the groundwater level. Even so: from the bottom of the septic tank to the water treatment tank, at least 40 cm should remain (if I'm not mistaken). For the construction of the septic tank, concrete rings with a diameter of 1 meter, 1.5 or 2 meters can be used. The volume of the meter ring is 0.7 cubic meters, the volume of one and a half meter 1.5 cubic meters, the volume of the two-meter ring is more than 3 cubic meters. Rings with a diameter of 2 meters are used less often, they still need to be blocked. The most popular size is 1.5 meters. Here in this article. To keep within the minimum volume of the anaerobic part of the septic tank, I had to make it from two wells - one meter and a half meter. It will take another third well - a filter one. Those. My sewage system is made of three wells. At some forum, the construction met, when a person placed the wells close to each other in the form of a triangle, it turned out quite compactly, only there were 3 meter wells, and I have one of them 1.5 m.

A mini digger was called to dig a hole. An old murdered Gazelle arrived, with this unit in the back:

A spy photo was taken by the wife through the fence :) I later wanted to take a picture of the work process, but the dude was opposed to me capturing his physiognomy, okay. A mini-excavator is an amazing machine, it works almost silently, completely odorless, although it has a diesel engine. Can drive if there is a place with a width of 1 and a height of 2.4 meters. The excavator moved off the Gazelle’s body on its own on a special ladder and set to work. Payback for compact dimensions is its performance. He has a bucket with a volume of only 60 liters and a width of 40 cm. The maximum digging depth, according to the driver, is either 2.20 or 2.40, I did not remember, but it was enough for me. He dug a pit with an estimated volume of about 16 cubes for more than 4 hours. A normal excavator would do it in an hour. Since the dude arrived in the evening, he finished work already in the dark.

The next morning, part of the soil collapsed, I manually cleaned the pit for half a day, then the next day I rang the ring suppliers. Meanwhile, water began to emerge at the bottom of the pit (the bottom of the pit fell onto a layer of sand). To fix the rings, I wanted to concrete the bottom of two wells completely, and for the filtering concrete, only the support ring with a hole for water leaving should be concreted. Since there was already water at the bottom of the pit, I just poured it on top of ASG and cement, mixed everything right on the spot and leveled it :) There was no desire to photograph, it was necessary to do everything quickly, and the work was hard. All this was done the day after digging a hole. On the third day, they brought rings in the amount of 7 pieces on one flight of the KamAZ-manipulator. It ended up like this:

This is already after sewer pipes were introduced into the septic tank and preparations began for concreting the slab. The height of each of the three wells is 2 meters, i.e. 2 rings. From above they are covered with one meter ring so that access to pumping out is available in each well. The pipe was introduced into the septic tank at a level of 2/3 of the height of the upper ring, overflowing from the first chamber to the second - 5 cm lower, overflowing from the second chamber to the filter well another 5 cm lower. The working volume of the first chamber of the septic tank is about 2 cubic meters, the volume of the second chamber is 1 cubic meter, the final 3 cubic meters, which is consistent with the standard for a family of 4 people, and even out of 5 :).

The level of the top of the inspection ring is set in such a way that after the earth around it is raised (do not leave a hole), the ring would stick out by 30 centimeters. The wooden structure in the previous photo is a support for overlapping. The crosspiece rests on a wooden beam, which stands at the bottom of the well. The overlap itself for all three wells I made a single, like this:

Support for the bottom of the formwork - plywood 6 mm. Concrete thickness 20 cm., Reinforcement with reinforcement 12 mm and mesh 4 mm. There was little reinforcement, but there were a lot of nets, and here I put more nets. About 3 weeks after pouring, I carefully climbed into the well and dismantled the crosspiece (and it was assembled without nails, only on gash). Dismantled and pulled one plank out.

Here is a photo of the finished sewer:

Then everything was thrown over the ground. Along the route of the sewer pipe and around the septic tank, the ground level was raised to the required level, the viewing well, as planned, remained stuck with a head 30 cm high.

Just in case: the house is not yet residential, the sewage system has not been started up, I haven’t excavated it yet in winter, but I think that it is empty. I also think that this spring everything will flood with water. To avoid this, it is necessary to raise the site not only in the immediate vicinity of the septic tank (especially since freshly sprinkled soil will still sag), but also by 10 meters in the district-radius. What will happen in the spring in fact - I’ll write.

Update of March 2013. In the spring of 2012, the septic tank was flooded almost under the cover, flush with the surrounding puddle. The septic tank served as a kind of drainage ditch. What to do, the site is such, the lowest place. But in the summer of 2013 I brought in 8 KAMAZ soil, which will fill most of the pit. Spring 2013 is coming, we will observe what will happen now.

If you are interested in the design of the septic tank, you can look at the site of Alexander Egoryshev - www.kanaluga.ru, it was after his report on http://www.forumhouse.ru/threads/79080/ that I was inspired to build such a septic tank. On the site kanaluga.ru you will find photos of a dozen septic tanks built using such technology.

A cesspool without a bottom is the simplest sewer construction appropriate in any country house. Even the greenest beginner-builder can do such a device. However, a two-chamber cesspool of concrete rings, the creation of which is not much more difficult, solves the problem of wastewater removal more efficiently.

The principle of design and operation of such a design

Ready-made concrete rings are perfect for wall cladding in a regular cesspool without a bottom. They just need to be lowered to the bottom, and then sealed up and waterproofed. This is easier than concreting the walls of a cesspool or laying a brick. Such sewer devices are perfect for a summer house, which is used only in the summer, on weekends and on holidays. If the volume of effluent exceeds cubic meters per day, it is worth considering the construction of a two-chamber device.

At the same time, the amount of work will increase at least twice, since you will have to actually dig two holes, concrete the bottom in one of them, arrange drainage in the other, etc.

As a result, the efficiency of wastewater treatment will increase several times. First, the waste of human life will fall into the first pit, the bottom of which is carefully concreted. In this compartment, solid particles will settle at the bottom, slowly processing during fermentation and turning into sludge. This part of the cesspool of concrete rings must be cleaned periodically.

Tip: To improve the processing of solid waste, special anaerobic bacteria cultures are added to the sump. It should be remembered that such organisms do not tolerate the presence of chlorine-containing components in water.

The sump is connected by an inclined pipe to the second compartment of the cesspool, which is a drainage well. The bottom of this pit is not concreted, but is covered with a layer of drainage. Wastewater, partially purified in the first compartment, undergoes natural purification and enter the soil. Such a cesspool requires the services of wastewater far less than usual, while the likelihood of contamination of the soil by sewage is significantly reduced.

A few words about concrete rings

Typical concrete rings for a cesspool are also convenient in that you can easily calculate the volume of a future septic tank by multiplying the circumference of the ring by its height. The first digit indicated when marking a concrete product means the diameter of the ring in decimetres, and the second indicates its height.

For instance:

• KS-10.9 is a ring with a diameter of 1 meter and a height of 90 cm. Its volume is 0.71 cubic meters. m .;
• KS-15.9 is a ring with a diameter of 1.5 meters and a height of 90 cm. Its volume is 1.59 cubic meters. m .;

KS-20.9 is a ring with a diameter of 2 meters and a height of 90 cm. Its volume is 2.83 cubic meters. m

Holes for sewer pipes  in a concrete ring can be made a puncher

In addition to concrete rings, a ceiling should be purchased, since the cesspool must be securely closed. For a two-chamber septic tank, two overlaps will be required. In their manufacture, a round hole is made to provide access for cleaning. Close the hole with a special hatch, which should also be purchased.

Installation work

Before starting construction work, you should draw up a detailed plan and choose a suitable location. In addition to the desire to preserve the aesthetic appearance of the landscape, it should be noted that the cesspool should be located:

• no less than five meters from the apartment building;
• not less than 30 meters from the source of drinking water;
• in a place accessible for entry of special transport of trash trucks.

Please note: When choosing a suitable place for a cesspool, you should take into account not only the location of your own house, well or well, you must ensure that the sewage system is at a sufficient distance from neighboring buildings and structures.

To make a two-chamber cesspool of concrete rings, you must:

• Dig two pits in a suitable place (sometimes one spacious pit is enough).
• Concrete the bottom of the pit in which the sump will be constructed. After drying in the concrete, cracks almost inevitably form, which must be repaired to ensure sufficient tightness. This step will take about a week or a little longer.

Tip: To avoid concreting the bottom of the pit, you should buy a concrete ring, in which the bottom is already arranged.

• Install concrete rings in the pit.

Thoroughly grout joints and waterproof the structure, for example, using cement mortar and water glass, bitumen, etc.

Concrete rings should be lowered into the pit so as not to damage the structure.