How to make ventilation in the basement. Natural and forced ventilation. Features of installing ventilation cellar in the garage.

Basements

It does not pull from the floor with dampness, and the potatoes are stored until spring, when the ventilation in the basement of the house is done correctly. Ventilation provides organized movement of air masses in the basement. Due to the constant exchange of air between the street and the basement in the room, a constant temperature and humidity are established. Excellent conditions for storing vegetables and supplies are created, mold and fungus do not start. If there is no air movement, it will be impossible to use the basement as a pantry. Foundation and flooring materials, which suffer from constant exposure to moisture, are at risk. But the main threat lurking residents of a house with a warm, non-ventilated basement is a fire or explosion caused by a high concentration of carbon dioxide. Gas is released during the operation of heating equipment, often installed in the basement. Therefore, in the basement of a country house, ventilation is simply necessary.

Oven controls are usually purchased by the same dealer so that there is no incompatibility. An exhaust duct is required to remove exhaust hot air from the sauna. Ideally, it is installed at a height of about 70 cm on the wall. Hot and humid air is directed through the channel to the ventilation hole in the wall of the house. It is a good idea to return to the purchased channel, and not to a home-made wooden plate, so that hot and humid exhaust air is not constantly directed against the masonry, which can lead to the formation of mold over time.

A great danger to supplies and residents is represented by mold spores inhabiting damp basements without ventilation. In wooden houses, the fungus can cause the destruction of load-bearing beams and even the collapse of structures. Inhalation of mold spores promotes the development of respiratory diseases, asthma and allergies. Therefore, ventilation is necessary in the basement of any apartment building.
Creating natural ventilation
Building a sauna on your own After the most important points have been clarified, the actual construction of the sauna takes place. Here it is necessary to consider a number of things, especially with regard to the design of the substructure and the assembly of walls that are adjacent to the walls.

Wooden houses - are there any differences?
A sauna wall usually consists of a frame construction of wood panels with panels on both sides with panels. This should be clear to every hobby master who believes in saunas, how to build a supporting frame for the wall from wooden boards and dress it with panels. First, build the frame of the wall element and mask the side, which will later become the outer side. Subsequently, the cavities of the frame structure are filled as close as possible to the mineral wool or a similar insulating material.

The principle of air flow for ventilation of the basements of private houses in the photo-scheme.

Basement ventilation vents

weather independent;
constant work in the right mode.

complex installation;
high price.

We offer two forced ventilation schemes in the basement of a private house, which can be implemented independently.

Then an aluminum vapor barrier film is used. With this film, you cover the entire interior of the wall and attach it as close as possible. Any small openings or gaps between several film webs are sealed with aluminum adhesive tape.

Sauna walls on the wall: ventilation

The inside of the wall can also be covered. Of course, when building walls, you need to pay attention to the necessary openings, for example ventilation holes, at the construction stage. The biggest mistake you can make when saunas are to neglect back ventilation. A sauna produces a lot of hot and humid air. Moisture can build up between the wall of the sauna and the wall of the house and lead to mold. Therefore, it is extremely important not to forget about reverse ventilation in order to ensure good air circulation.

Method number 1

A couple of fans (sometimes one) are needed. It is mounted on the inner lumen of the exhaust duct to enhance the hood. When the fan is on, air is discharged in the basement, the deficiency is compensated through the supply duct. If the basement area is large, a pair of fans is installed.

Board ventilation

Rear ventilation is practically nothing more than a substructure that attaches to walls, to which the sauna subsequently joins. It consists of several vertical wooden boards that are attached to the wall at a distance of about half a meter. The thickness of the wooden boards must be at least 3 cm so that a sufficient volume of air can circulate.

To ensure a constant flow of air, the slats should be approximately 15 cm from the floor and ceiling. This design not only serves as a gasket, but is also an integral part of the walls of the sauna on the sides of the walls of the house. For this reason, a rigid plate or chipboard is screwed onto the subframe. If the construction of the sauna floor, the walls are constructed in the same way as other walls of the sauna.

The second will be required for the inflow to balance it with the outflow of air. This ventilation device in the basement of a private house is very simple. It can be mounted independently by the owner, who has the simplest construction skills.

The entire ventilation system of the basement of a country house is controlled by one switch. During installation, it should be borne in mind that the basement floors belong to the category of wet rooms. Therefore, it is allowed to install only electrical equipment operating from 36 Volts and equipped with safety devices. Otherwise, breakdowns to the case, short circuits and all subsequent troubles are possible.

Floor and ceiling of your own sauna

This is followed by the installation of the frame design, the installation of thermal insulation and, finally, the lining of the inner part of the panels. Both designs are based on the same principle as walls. In any case, it is important that the corner of the sauna is not too close to the ceiling. Underground air should not circulate.

Electric installations of own sauna

However, it cannot be damaged in order to install the floor structure on the sub-structure, since it is used for walls on the side of the wall of the house. As already mentioned, sauna heaters usually require a current connection to which 400 volts are applied. Special cables must be used and additional fuses installed. Therefore, the power supply must be laid by a specialist, since errors in the installation of such a furnace connection are life-threatening and can lead to fires.

Method number 2

How to make non-volatile ventilation in the basement of a private house? There is such a way, forced traction is provided by the movement of the wind. The outer end of the exhaust duct ends with a special type of deflector. Approximately such designs are provided for train cars. When the wind hits one side of the deflector, the pressure increases in the other. Due to this effect, traction is enhanced at times. You can install small turbines, working on the principle of a weather vane. Rotating, they transmit motion through a system of shafts to a fan built into the ventilation duct.

The same applies to the electrical installation in the sauna, that is, to the connection of the sauna, lighting and other consumers, such as music systems. Nevertheless, you can make clean wiring, i.e. laying cables inside the walls of the sauna from an external power connection to places where further connections inside the sauna are needed.

You should use only cables with thick silicone coating. This is necessary once, since other materials that are exposed to the heat of the sauna gradually become brittle and therefore become an uncountable risk. It is best to buy cables from an electrician, as he can recommend the right cables for the required power, because depending on the power, the cables should have a minimum average value.

Both methods allow you to change the intensity of air movement and use natural ventilation. Therefore, they have pipes for exhaust and inflow in accordance with the rules on the installation of inflow-blowing systems. But the diameter of the pipes is chosen less than one and a half times, because the mechanical traction is quite intense.

DIY basement ventilation

The site wishes you to have fun with the project sauna! On warm days, many basement windows open to ventilate properly again. The fact that the basement is moist with this warm air is unknown to many people. What happens when warm air enters cold surfaces, everyone has already observed. The bathroom mirror fills, a bottle of milk or beer is wet when it comes out of the refrigerator.

Basic requirements for arranging cellar ventilation

The warmer the air, the more water vapor it can absorb. In warm, humid summers, the outside air has a 98% degree of saturation with water vapor. If warm summer air reaches a cold basement, excess moisture condenses on the walls.

Thinking about the ventilation device in the basement of a private house, many people come up with the idea of \u200b\u200bindependently cutting down the air in the basement. This is the right decision if the house is small. Neatly and beautifully holes can be made by diamond drilling.

The height of the center of the holes from the surface of the earth should be at least 0.3 meters, so that during rainfall and snowmelt, water does not get into the basement. Diameter of vents is from 125 to 225 mm depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe basement. Inside, a grid and a grid are attached to them. You can call a specialist who will advise on ventilation in the basement of a private house and make all the calculations.

This happens during the summer. A thermometer in the basement and one outside in the shade indicate whether to ventilate. In addition, the air outside should be drier than indoors. The correct measuring device for this is a hygrometer, which is already available for about 20 euros. But it is also simpler: take the bottle stored in the basement and place it in the outside air. If the bottle is installed, the basement cannot be released.

For problematic basements, even an automatic ventilation system can stand. In winter, on the other hand, when the outside air contains very little moisture, the vaults of the basement are several times more energetic. Open the windows for half an hour, and then? Very important - close again!

To begin the arrangement of supply and exhaust ventilation in the basement of a private house, you need to draw up a scheme. A simple sketchy figure will serve as a serious help in calculating the length of pipes, the number of clamps. Next, you need to punch holes and channels for air ducts. It is most convenient to dig out the foundation a bit, make grooves, and then install the air ducts. The pipe is attached with clamps to the wall. Condensation will accumulate inside the pipe, it can be drained through a faucet on a water collector (sold in hardware stores).

This entry was posted on Thursday, you can customize, or one by your side. The unused basement area is now happily expanded to a sauna and spa. If integrated into the basement, you need to consider several important points. They are connected, on the one hand, with water supply and sewerage, on the other hand, with ventilation and air conditioning. Since the basement floor is below the level of the main sewage pipe, the bathroom in the basement is not supplied without an elevator. In the basement there is often enough space for a bathroom, which is not available on the upper floors.

Having figured out how to make ventilation in the basement of a private house, let's talk about suitable building materials.

As ventilation ducts, PVC or galvanized sheet pipes are widely used. Adapters and elbows of the same material are sold for joining plastic pipes. But metal ones will have to tinker with, you need tinsmith skills. In addition, condensate, which inevitably collects on the pipe walls, will sooner or later lead to the appearance of rust at the joints.
Well insulated - heat protection for the basement bath
With the extension, wellness centers for the home can be created here, as a rule, there is enough space for a jacuzzi or sauna or for a fitness zone. To make the basement bathroom a pleasant room with a good climate is important. This consists of perimeter external insulation made of resistive insulating material. This limits the area of \u200b\u200bland. The insulating material is glued to the seal of the mineral sealing sludge or bitumen coating. Easy installation is just as important as the proper connection to the basement windows and the insulation of the outer walls of the upper floors.

As for the wooden ducts mentioned above: their manufacture is laborious and practically not used in modern construction.

Checking the ventilation of the basement

Over time, even properly made ventilation in the basement of a private house can clog.

Subsequent insulation of the perimeter is the best solution for installing the basement, but it is expensive and expensive because the soil needs to be raised around the basement. Alternatively, there is basement insulation. If this is done professionally, it provides comfortable heat in the basement with a good one. The basement floor as well as the outer walls of the basement must be insulated. One of the most important points not only in the basement bath is tightness. As a result of joints and cracks, moist air passes behind the insulation plane and condenses on the cold outer wall.

How to check her work?

The method is simple: a piece of paper is applied to the inner end of the exhaust opening. If the traction is good, it will stick to the grate as if glued. Of course, in the same way a piece of paper will behave when the fan is on.

This creates the perfect mold for mold. You can insulate only on absolutely dry walls. For this reason, a professional inspection and possible wall drainage before repair is absolutely recommended. If a utility basement becomes a living basement, it must also be isolated and modernized. Since the increase in design in any case requires reworking the doors, it is worth installing it. It can be selected electrically or by water. Alternatively or additionally, pool radiators are also suitable in the basement bathroom.

You can install an alcohol (street) thermometer in the basement and monitor the temperature change. A device for changing humidity - a psychometer, will not interfere. A place for devices is selected near the supply channel.

The optimum temperature for the basement storage of vegetables is 3-5 degrees above zero, for a gym, sauna or billiard room +17 - 21.

Space-saving heating elements serve simultaneously as shelves or for hanging and drying towels. If it is necessary to use a minimal floor structure, an electric underfloor heating system can also be used. Individual options have very different current consumption, therefore accurate research and careful selection are required. They are laid under the tiles and connected to the electrical network of the house through a separate circuit. If the power supply offers a special heating rate, this option can be very different from connecting a floor heating system to a heating system.

Basement ventilation in a private house should maintain relative humidity between 85 - 90% for the storage and up to 60% for the living room.

Signs of poor ventilation in a private home:

in the basement on the walls and ceiling are droplets of condensate;
heavy air;
unpleasant odors;
mold appears.

The fact that the level of carbon dioxide is exceeded is evidenced by a match quickly dying out in the basement.

For normal operation of the water heating system, it is necessary to use a heating system with a low flow temperature. Condensation technology or a pellet boiler is suitable. Daylight in the basement is optimal not only for exposure, but also for ventilation. The possibility of cross-ventilation is ideal, as a result of which humidity is reliably evacuated from hard-to-reach places. Due to the special position and the contact of the ground with the external walls in the bath with the base, it is necessary to ventilate particularly thorough ventilation.

If the alarming factors described above are detected, the sunroof in the basement and all ventilation dampers open for 24 hours.

With an increase in humidity of more than 90%, a box with sawdust, salt or lime (quicklime) is installed in the middle of the room. They absorb excess moisture from the air and lower relative humidity. The box can be used several times by drying its contents in the sun.

In case of doubt, an additional ventilation system provides the necessary air exchange. In the case of an airtight structure and corresponding structural possibilities, external air passages are possible. If the bathroom in the basement is windowless, it is necessary to install a ventilation system based on a fan. It can be installed as a decentralized supply and exhaust system on the outside wall of the basement.

An important word for a bathroom in the basement is the so-called backup level. This risk can be avoided with a wastewater recovery system. This is a pressure test and corrosion resistance. Collected wastewater is transported through a pump or pneumatic lift through a return flow level to the upper channel.

When mold appears, the affected surface is cleaned and treated with special solutions or whitened with lime. It is undesirable to use bleach. After processing for several days intensify the movement of air. The procedure is carried out annually before laying the fruits for wintering.

Most private houses are equipped with basements, which provide storage of agricultural products and home preservation. The cellars organize home workshops, gyms, storage rooms or games rooms. Regardless of the functional purpose of the room, located below the zero mark, it is important to use ventilation to ensure the flow of fresh air into the basement. This will create favorable humidity and temperature conditions of the room, prevent the appearance of dampness, which reduces the shelf life of household supplies and gradually destroys the base of the building. Let us dwell in detail on the issues of creating reliable ventilation of the basement, calculation methods and installation features.

Why is a basement ventilation system necessary

Many, unfortunately, mistakenly underestimate the need to ventilate the basement, which is not only the room used to store food, but also the foundation of the building, perceiving increased loads.

Neglect of ventilation and the lack of normal air exchange create unfavorable conditions for the storage of agricultural products, reduce the strength of building structures. In conditions of high humidity in the basement, mold and fungus develop.

Equipping the basement with a ventilation system will provide a comfortable microclimate and favorable living conditions in a private house. The design of ventilation communications is carried out at the design stage. Many paid attention to the supply air lines and outlets equipped in the foundation of the building.

Through these channels external air enters the basement. However, if there are problems with ventilation, it is possible to ensure the movement of air flows by properly installing ventilation devices in an existing room.

The ventilation of the basement will save homeowners from increased moisture concentration, prevent the formation of mold, ensure the safety of supplies, and also extend the life of the building, which will retain attractiveness and warmth for many years.

The ventilation system is a complex of air communications that provide air circulation, comfortable temperature and normal humidity.

Calculation and device

The device of ventilation communications is carried out on the basis of the project and preliminary calculations. To ensure air circulation, it is necessary to take responsible calculations.

Choosing the diameter of the air lines intended for supply and removal of air masses, be guided by the following rule: 25 sq. cm airways are able to provide air exchange in the cellar on an area of \u200b\u200b1 square. meter.

For example, for ventilation of a basement with an area of \u200b\u200b12 square meters. meters you must use the air line with a diameter of 300 square meters. see Knowing the formula for determining the circumference S \u003d πR², it is easy to calculate the radius of the ventilation duct. For the case under consideration, the value is 9.8 cm. By rounding the value, we get the diameter of the trunk equal to 20 cm. In the case of pipes with a rectangular cross section, be guided by the value of the area obtained by calculation. The proposed calculation method allows you to tentatively determine the size of the ducts without taking into account the intensity of circulation.

For effective ventilation of the basement, the air in the room should be replaced with fresh air masses at least 2 times during the hour. The selection of the performance of the forced ventilation system is carried out by multiplying the basement volume by the coefficient of the rate of air renewal in the room.

Define the volume of updated air for a basement of 50 square meters. meters and a height of 2 meters. Multiplying the basement area by height, we get the volume. Its value will be 100 cubic meters. meters. If it is necessary to replace the air twice during an hour, multiply the volume of the room by the multiplicity factor. We get: 100x2 \u003d 200 cubic meters. meters per hour. The obtained value corresponds to the required forced air supply.

Ventilation networks, depending on the type of air exchange system, may consist of metal or plastic pipes, as well as fans.

To ensure the flow of air to the basement of the building, the following types of ventilation are used:

On your own, at low cost, it is easy to mount a system of elementary natural circulation, as well as a forced air exchange system.

Features of natural air circulation

The natural flow of air into the basement is due to the difference in internal and external temperature, causing air to move through the pipes. Due to this simple property, fresh air from the street through the supply line enters the basement and displaces the musty and moist air from the room through the exhaust duct.

The positive aspects of the natural circulation system are the insignificant costs associated with the installation, and the simplicity of the design.

The main elements of the natural circulation system are:

Despite the simplicity of the system, the main disadvantages are poor circulation efficiency of air masses and the dependence of traction on natural factors (air pressure and wind speed) affecting the efficiency of air exchange.

The classic version of creating a natural circulation circuit is provided at the design stage. According to the results of calculations, the throughput of highways is determined, taking into account the volume of the basement. The organization of supply and exhaust ventilation does not need special engineering knowledge. The main thing is to ensure the opposite arrangement of the highways, to correctly perform the marking corresponding to the diameter.

The exhaust duct should be located in the ceiling of the room with a highway elevation of at least 0.6 meters relative to the upper point of the building. The supply line entering the basement is introduced from the opposite area of \u200b\u200bthe room at a distance of 0.2–0.4 m from the base. Optimum conditions for natural air exchange are ensured by the use of highways with a diameter of 12–15 cm.

The forced air exchange system

The operation of the forced ventilation system is based on the movement of air masses using fans. The forced feed device can be equipped with filter elements, heating and temperature control devices, depending on the degree of equipment of the system and customer requirements.

The main elements of the forced ventilation system:

Air lines through which the movement of air flows.
Pressure plant, providing the intensity of the exchange of air masses.
A device for providing a comfortable temperature, designed to condition the basement.
Ventilation channels that carry out the process of air exchange.
Air intakes necessary to ensure air circulation.
Diffusers combining air lines of various sections.
Tees used when combining air flows if necessary.

The forced ventilation system has the following advantages:

the possibility of battery life, regardless of natural factors;
the presence of automation that controls the air flow and temperature;
the ability to install in premises of increased area.

The increased costs associated with the acquisition of equipment and installation, as well as the complexity of the installation operations make it difficult to mass use a forced air supply device.

Install forced ventilation equipment according to a previously developed scheme. Be sure to carry out a calculation that determines the intensity of air exchange and the cyclical operation of the system.

When equipping the basement room with a forced ventilation device, take into account a set of factors related to the operation features, degree of automation, room area and equipment layout.

Having studied literary sources, based on the recommendations of specialists, it is not difficult to independently develop a layout scheme and perform calculations. This will allow saving financial resources and independently, in more detail, study the design features of forced ventilation.

DIY ventilation installation

The independent implementation of work on the installation of air circulation equipment in the basement requires a detailed familiarization with the features of the equipment and the principles of ventilation.

Depending on the size of the basement, install a specific air circulation system:

Install natural ventilation with a basement area of \u200b\u200bless than 50 square meters.
Install forced ventilation with an increased basement area.

The installation of ventilation equipment in the constructed building can be done on its own. You will need a puncher, grinder and drill to make holes and form channels in the base of the building, walls, basement and floor. Let us dwell in detail on the stages of the implementation of measures for the installation of ventilation communications.

Installation steps

With a small basement area, to ensure air exchange, make small channels (vents) located on opposite walls in the basement of buildings.

Install grids to prevent rodents from entering the basement.

Mount the dampers on the holes inside the basement for adjusting the volume of incoming air.

The natural air exchange system does not require the use of special devices. Air masses enter the basement of a private house through the supply line and exit through the tension channel. An important condition is the location of the ducts in opposite areas of the basement.

Not always vents provide the desired air exchange efficiency. In this case, we recommend installing ventilation of the supply and exhaust type.

Install as follows:

Installation in the output line of a small axial fan, designed for operation in the exhaust mode, will increase the intensity of air circulation, providing forced ventilation.

Use clamps to fasten pipes, securely fasten system elements during installation.

The efficient operation of the supply and exhaust system is guaranteed with a basement area of \u200b\u200b20–40 square meters. m. For larger rooms will require the installation of forced air exchange. The installation of complex ventilation systems equipped with air conditioning and temperature control devices is recommended to entrust to professionals.

Hardware Installation Video

The presented video will provide additional information on the installation of elements of the ventilation system.

Checking ventilation performance

Checking the effectiveness of the ventilation system does not require special training.

To determine the quality of air exchange, light a match or a lighter and hold it to the exhaust line. If combustion stops, then the concentration of carbon dioxide in the basement is increased.

The problem is solved by increasing the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe supply line. The reduced diameter of the inlet channel impedes the flow of air masses. To control the intensity of air exchange, equip the pipes with a slide gate, which allows you to adjust the air supply rate.

After making sure that the ventilation is working, use the dampers to adjust the cross-section of the channels, ensuring optimal air exchange.

Video: how to make the ventilation of the basement with your own hands

The video shows a simple self-made version of the natural ventilation of the cellar.