Disinfectants for water in the well. Water disinfection in a well - cleaning from dirt and smell

It contains a number of useful tips for operating wells. We offer extracts from these materials to cottagers, cottage owners and all interested parties.

After the completion of construction or repair of the well, as well as if well water has not been used for a long time, it is necessary to disinfection the well (not to be confused with the chlorination of water in the well!) . Before disinfection, you need to pump out water from the well, then clean it from construction debris and dirt and wipe or sprinkle abundantly with 3% bleach solution. To prepare such a solution, 300-400 g of dry bleach must be diluted in a bucket of water. After the well is again filled to the initial level, a solution of bleach is prepared, it is prepared at the rate of 1 kg of lime per 1 m 3, or 80-100 buckets of water.

Determining the volume of water in a well is not difficult at all. To do this, you need to multiply the area of \u200b\u200bthe water mirror by the height of the water column, which is measured by lowering a pole or rope with a load into the well - the height of the water column is set along the length of the wetted end. The area of \u200b\u200bthe water mirror in the well is determined by measuring its two sides. The calculation of the water volume is as follows: suppose that the water depth in the well is 7 m, and the width of each of the two sides of the log house is 1 m, therefore, the area of \u200b\u200bthe water mirror is 1 m 2. We multiply 7 m by 1 m 2, we get the volume of water in the well 7 m 3, i.e. 7000 liters. Fresh bleach needs 400 mg per 1 liter. Therefore, for 7000 liters, 2,800,000 mg or 2 kg of 800 g are needed.

A solution for disinfection of a well is prepared as follows: bleach is thoroughly ground in a small amount of water, mixed well and allowed to settle. The prepared clarified solution for disinfection is poured into the well and mixed with poles for 10-15 minutes. After this, the well is closed with a lid for 6-8 hours, and then water is pumped out until the smell and taste of chlorine disappear. It is impossible to take water for household purposes at this time.

The effectiveness of chlorination can be judged by smell. If, after disinfection, the water does not smell of chlorine at all, it is necessary to repeat chlorination, approximately halving the dose of chlorine. After the final disinfection, water is pumped out until the chlorine flavor disappears.

Well disinfection should be carried out under the guidance of a specialist. It should be remembered that it is impossible to improve the quality of water only with the help of one disinfection of the well, without preliminary cleaning and repair.

Chlorination of water in a well   produced in cases of intestinal infections in the village as a temporary measure until the outbreak ceases.

The dose of active chlorine should be many times less than when chlorinating a well as a structure: not 100-150, but 2 mg per 1 liter of water. However, in order for the chlorination of water to be effective, it is necessary to accurately determine the required dose of chlorine. This is done as follows: 200 ml of water from a well are poured into 3 glasses. In a first glass, pour 2 drops of a 1% solution of bleach (10 g of bleach per 1 liter of water) with a pipette, 4 drops in a second glass and 6 drops in a third glass. The water in the glasses is well mixed with a glass rod, closed with lids and left in the summer for 30 minutes and in the winter for 2 hours. After this time, the smell of water is examined, starting with the glass into which a smaller amount of solution has been added. The necessary dose for chlorination is the one from which the water acquired a faint smell of chlorine. If in none of the glasses the water smells of chlorine, the experimental chlorination must be repeated using large doses of chlorine.

We give an example of calculating the required amount of a 1% solution of bleach to disinfect 1 m 3 of water in a well. Suppose that a faint smell of chlorine appeared in the second glass, where 4 drops of a 1% solution of bleach were added. Consequently, 4 drops of X 5 \u003d 20 drops will go to the chlorination of 1 liter of water. For 1 m 3 of water (1000 l), 20 drops of X 1000 \u003d 20 000 drops will go. Knowing that 1 ml of a 1% solution of bleach contains 26 drops, we calculate that for the chlorination of 1000 liters of water, 20,000 / 25 \u003d 800 ml of a 1% solution of bleach are needed.

The necessary effect of water chlorination in a well can be achieved only with a strict ratio of the dose of chlorine to the volume of disinfected water. Since water from the well is constantly taken and a new one from the aquifer comes in its place, the concentration of chlorine will decrease, therefore, a solution of bleach in the well is systematically added.

An alternative way to disinfect water is.

Few people know, but in addition to the fact that the well must be cleaned periodically of silt and dirt, the water in it should also be disinfected. Despite the general misconception, well water is not perfectly clean - it is always one way or another saturated with various minerals and bacteria. And if you don’t really do anything with the first, then you can always clean water from bacteria. How is water disinfected in a well?

What is the danger?

In fact, it all depends on the location. Depending on the region and area, the water may contain bacteria from E. coli, hepatitis A and B, as well as many other organic particles. Moreover, in rare cases, such bacteria can be fatal. It is also worth noting that disinfection of the well will help to avoid unpleasant odors and make the water more transparent.

That is why disinfection is a very desirable procedure that can be performed after installing the source. It will not take a lot of money to clean drinking water, because it can be done even with ordinary bleach or whiteness. Of course, you can buy a special tool for this, but it will not differ much from the above.

Water disinfection

Well disinfection is carried out as follows.

1. First of all, it is necessary to pump out water from. This can be done even with an ordinary pump and hose. After this, it is necessary to clean the bottom of sludge and other contaminants. If this is not done, then the effect of disinfection will be minimal.
2. After cleaning the bottom of contaminants, it's time to clean the walls. Here you can not do without stairs and brushes, with which you need to go down to the well and remove any dirt from the walls. After you do this, it is necessary to dry the walls, after which the first stage of cleaning is completed. You can then begin disinfection.
3. Most often, wells are disinfected with bleach, or rather with lime, or whiteness. Sometimes they clean it with potassium permanganate, but due to the deficiency of the latter, we will not consider this method here.
4. So, take bleach and dissolve in water, adhering to a proportion of 20 grams / 1 liter of water. If you use whiteness for cleaning, then it must be diluted in a proportion of 500 mg / 1 liter of water.
5. The field of how the solution will be ready, the disinfection of the well can be started. To do this, brush the walls again. Also, for cleaning, you can use a roller, spray or an ordinary rag. By the time you clean the walls, the source will again be filled with water, after which you can begin to disinfect it.
6. Next, you need to take 200 grams of bleach per liter of water in the well and pour it inside, after extinguishing it - this will help to accurately disinfect water from organic particles. After this, the water must be thoroughly mixed with a long stick.
7. After you have stirred the water, it is necessary to seal the well tightly (preferably with a packing film). This is done so that the chlorine vapor does not go out and you do not breathe it. In this condition, leave the well for 12 hours, and then repeat the procedure for purifying drinking water.

The final stage of disinfection of the well can be considered pumping water. It is advisable to repeat the pumping procedure several times until the smell of chlorine disappears. Congratulations, you can now drink clean bacteria-free water.

Well disinfection

The process of cleaning wells is very similar to that carried out with wells. Disinfection is also carried out with bleach, or rather with its solution, or whiteness. The most important thing in disinfection of wells is to determine its volume to find out how much water is inside.

After the volume is determined, you need to fill the solution or whiteness into the well, observing the proportion: 1 liter / 260 liters of water. After that, leave chlorine in water for 12-24 hours. After this period, chlorinated water can be pumped out of the well. To do this, just open the tap to the maximum.

What is important to know?

In the period of water purification in the well / well, in no case do not drink water from there. This can be done only after complete evacuation of water with bleach and measuring the amount of chlorine.

When cleaning the walls of the well, be sure to use a respirator. It is also necessary to do this in any work with chlorine / whiteness, even if you are conducting chlorination of the well. Before cleaning the walls of the well, make sure that the seams between the rings are tightly closed. If this is not the case, bacteria will penetrate through the cracks from the earth into the water.

Conclusion

Chlorination of water in a well and a well is an effective way to purify water from bacteria. In order to prevent severe water pollution, it is advisable to clean the well with bleach approximately once a year. The same thing needs to be done with the well.

Its own well provides you with a free source of fresh water. However, over time, it may become contaminated with bacteria and other pathogens. An effective way to deal with this problem is to add chlorine bleach to the water, which will destroy all harmful bacteria. This procedure will take a day or two, so it is best to prepare in advance for a minimum flow of water.

Steps

Part 1

Chlorination preparation

Learn to determine when your well needs chlorination.   It is best to chlorinate it regularly, at least once a year, preferably in the spring. In addition, there may be some circumstances that make well chlorination mandatory:

• If you find a change in the color, taste, or smell of your drinking water, or an annual analysis of its content has shown the presence of bacteria.
• If the well is new, if it has recently been under repair or new pipes were added to it.
• If the well has become contaminated by flood waters, or the water has become dirty or muddy after rains.

1. Gather the necessary accessories.

   • Chlorine:   Obviously, you need chlorine for chlorination. You can use chlorine tablets or granules, but most likely the easiest way would be to use ordinary household bleach. Just make sure your bleach is free of flavors. You may need up to 40 liters of chlorine, depending on how big your well is.
   • Chlorine test kit:   The chlorine test should be used to accurately measure the level of chlorine in the water, and not rely solely on your sense of smell. This analysis kit is commonly used in pool maintenance, so you can find it in any pool and sauna accessory store. Among the proposed tests, select liquid - analysis using a paper strip is only suitable for checking the level of chlorine in pools.
   • Garden hose:   To ensure recirculation of water in the well, you need a clean garden hose. Some sources recommend using a hose with a diameter of 1, 25 cm, rather than the standard 1.5 cm - anyway, the choice is yours. You should cut the male end of the hose at an acute angle.

2. Calculate the volume of the well.   To determine the amount of chlorine necessary for a satisfactory disinfection, you need to measure the volume of water contained in the well. To do this, multiply the depth of the well by liters of water per square meter.

   • To determine the depth of water in a well, you need to measure the distance from the bottom to the waterline. This can be done with a fishing line and a relatively heavy load. Until the load reaches the bottom, the line will be tightly pulled. As soon as the load falls to the bottom, the line will sag freely. When this happens, mark the line with tape or tape, remove the line from the well and measure the length in meters.
   • Alternatively, you can contact the company that drilled the well - these organizations usually keep information about all the wells that they made.
   • The liter per square meter is determined by the diameter of the well casing. It should also be among the well information. The diameter of the well depends on the drilling equipment used, the most common diameters of production pipes are 110, 114, 125 and 133 mm. Having learned the diameter of the well, you can calculate the area of \u200b\u200bits bottom (cross section): S \u003d πr2. Therefore, you need to divide your diameter (in meters) in half, square it and multiply by 3.14. This will be the bottom area of \u200b\u200byour well in square meters. Divide this number by 100, and get the indicator “liter / sq. m. "
   • Now, knowing the height of the water column in the well (in meters) and the water indicator per square meter, you can multiply these numbers by each other and get the total volume of water in the well. You will need 1 liter of chlorine bleach for every 260 liters of water in the well and an additional one and a half liters to process the water in home plumbing.

3. Get ready to give up water from the well for at least a day.   The process of chlorinating a well takes time, usually 1-2 days. In these few days you will not be able to use water from the well for household needs, so be prepared for this accordingly.

   • During chlorination, there will be even more chlorine in your water than in a swimming pool, so it is not safe to use it. In addition, if you pour too much chlorinated water into a sewer sump (cesspool), you will kill bacteria in it that are necessary for the processing of waste.
   • Based on this, for drinking and cooking you should use bottled water, as well as refrain from using sinks and showers. You should also use the drain tank as little as possible.

Part 2

Well chlorination

1. Open the valve.   Depending on the type of well, you may need to open the vent pipe to pour in chlorine.

   • The vent pipe should be located at the head of the well, usually about 15 cm long and 1.25 cm in diameter. Open the ventilation by unscrewing the tube from the mount.
   • Alternatively, you may need to remove the cover from the top of the well, for which you will have to unscrew a few bolts.

2. Pour in the chlorine.   Having gained access to the well, carefully pour in the right amount of chlorine, being careful not to hurt any electrical connections.

   • You should probably wear protective gloves, goggles and an apron, because you are dealing with undiluted chlorine.
   • If chlorine gets on your skin, wash it off immediately with clean water.

3. Attach the hose.   Attach the female end of the hose to the nearest well tap and run the male end of the hose (cut at an acute angle) into the hole left after the vent pipe, or directly into the well.

   • If the hose is not long enough to reach the bottom of the well, try connecting several hoses together.

4. Set recirculation of water.   Turn on the water to maximum and allow to recycle for at least an hour.

   • Water running from the hose will push the water at the bottom to the surface, thereby ensuring an even distribution of chlorine.
   • With this procedure, you are guaranteed to get to all the bacteria in the well and kill them with chlorine.

5. Perform a chlorine test.   After the water has been recycled for at least an hour, you can measure the amount of chlorine in it. There are two ways to do this:

   • Pull the hose out of the ventilation hole and use the purchased dough to check the water that flows out of it.
   • Alternatively, you can turn on the street tap and see if you smell chlorine from the water.
   • If the chlorine test is negative, or if you don’t smell, continue to recycle the water for another 15 minutes, then check again.

6. Rinse the walls of the well.   If you find chlorine in the water, remove the hose, reinsert and rinse vigorously all around to flush the remaining chlorine from the casing and well pump. After 10-15 minutes of this procedure, turn off the hose and replace the well cover / vent pipe.

7. Check for chlorine in the room.   Go into the house and check for the presence of chlorine in each sink, bath, or shower, using the purchased test kit or your own sense of smell.

   • Do not forget to check the water from both a cold and a hot tap; open all the street cranes until they smell chlorine (or chlorine is not detected by the test).
   • You should also flush all toilets in the house a couple of times.

Disinfection of water in a well is necessary if you have doubts about the quality of the source. After all, underground water can leak into the well shaft, oil can spill from the pump. In the end, a small animal may accidentally fall.

Of course, all the above cases, as well as other difficult to predict troubles, will lead to a decrease in the quality of the source. And without drinking water a person will not live even a couple of days. Therefore, the well will have to be cleaned and disinfected as soon as possible.

And in this article we will consider both the disinfection technology and the list of drugs with which you can clean the source.

The complete well cleaning procedure is as follows:

• All water is pumped out of the source shaft. And you really need to choose all the fluid, and if the well has a good debit and a high dynamic level, then you need a fairly powerful pump (or two units).
• The next step is to restore the integrity of the mine reinforcing cage. That is, all joints between the rings must be checked for leakage, large cracks should be repaired, and the inner surface of the shaft should be covered with a layer of inert waterproofing. However, the latter option involves high costs, therefore, in most cases, they simply refuse to arrange additional waterproofing.
• Next, you can proceed to cleaning the walls of the well shaft. Scrapes are scraped off the concrete, dirt and algae are washed off.
• A similar procedure is done with the bottom of the well. Moreover, the best way to clean the bottom is to remove the bottom bedding (a layer of sand and gravel), which is simply scooped out with buckets.
• Next, you need to take care of a new bedding. Ideally, a layer of shungite, a special mineral with disinfecting properties, is added to the bottom of the well. If this solution is too expensive for you, then you can limit yourself to washed and dried gravel or gravel.

The final stage of a full cleaning of the well is the very disinfection. Moreover, it is necessary to process both the water and the walls of the source. Well, how this is done, we will describe below.

How to disinfect a well: process overview

It is well known that disinfection is carried out by treating surfaces or introducing into the liquid a special composition that destroys microflora.

Whiteness - a means for disinfection of a well

Classic well disinfectants are based on chlorine. They are prepared by dissolving 20 milligrams of the base in a liter of water. Moreover, chlorine for cleaning can only be purchased at specialized points of sale of disinfectants.

But what if special equipment is not available? In this case, the “Whiteness”, which is well known to all of us, will help - a laundry bleaching agent based on the same chlorine.

Disinfection of the well with Belizna involves the dissolution of half a liter of standard bleaching agent in a bucket of water. Moreover, in terms of quality and effectiveness, such a solution is not inferior to special means created on the basis of chlorine.

At the same time, Whiteness is not only quite effective, but also the cheapest way to disinfect the walls and contents of the well. After all, the preparations recommended by sanitary doctors are far from accessible everywhere, and disinfection of a well with potassium permanganate - another “household” remedy - will cost much more. Yes, and potassium permanganate itself, due to unhealthy interest in this drug from the marginals, is sold under strict control.

How it's done?

Disinfection of the inner walls of the well is carried out by uniform distribution of the active solution over the entire protected surface. That is, the inner surface of the rings must be treated with a sponge moistened in a disinfectant solution. And process it very carefully, without gaps, before the water rises. Therefore, the best option for processing technology is spraying the disinfectant solution with a spray bottle.

Well, when the mine is filled with water, "White" is poured into it (at the rate of one liter of solution per one well ring). Or pour 200 grams of lime chloride diluted in cold water into a mine.

Moreover, the main condition for disinfection is cold. Indeed, in warmth, chlorine begins to evaporate from the surface and there will be no disinfecting effect. Therefore, after the disinfectant solution is poured into the well, close the cap of the head, having previously tightened the end (upper cut) of the mine with plastic wrap. By doing this, you will prevent the evaporation of chlorine vapor from the mine.

Moreover, before wrapping in polyethylene, the water must be thoroughly mixed using an ordinary bucket for these purposes. It is lowered to the bottom and raised to the surface several times.

In the finale, you simply pump out all the water that has accumulated in the well. And do it several times. Until the water from the tap ceases to "give" chlorine.

Well pollution prevention

As you can see: disinfection of a well is a very time-consuming operation. Therefore, the best way to restore the quality of drinking water is to prevent situations that provoke the need to disinfect a well.

Since, unlike wells, the water in the well is not artesian, but comes from aquifers, it needs to be cleaned every 2-3 years, even if there are no external signs of pollution. Cleaning its walls and replacing the natural filter substrate at the bottom is necessary as a preventive measure to prevent infection by the fungus and excessive siltation.

The signs that the well needs an unscheduled cleaning are a fine suspension that has appeared in the water. Turbidity may indicate that the seams of the walls have lost their tightness or the bottom filter can no longer cope with the cleaning of the water coming from below. In the event that the well is dug on unstable soil, which provokes a rise in the level of the bottom, it must also be cleaned and deepened. Clay deposits may appear inside the well, indicating that the clay castle that is made around the head may be destroyed. If so, the well needs to be cleaned and the clay castle reconstructed.

A change in the color of the water should also cause anxiety, since blackening may indicate that organic matter has entered the well and the process of decay has begun; the appearance of a greenish tint - about the propagation of algae and microorganisms; yellowish - penetration into the groundwater of a large number of glandular impurities. The reason for concern about the purity of water in the well should be the appearance of an unpleasant taste and smell.

But lowering the water level in the well is most often not a sign of pollution, most likely this is due to seasonal fluctuations or changes in the level of groundwater.

Well Cleaning Technique

Even if the well’s mouth is always closed by a cover specially made for its size, this does not exclude the ingress of organic matter and bacteria, which results in mucus covering its walls. In addition, silt and accidentally trash accumulate at the bottom of this hydraulic structure. Before cleaning, the well must be drained using a powerful pump or pump. Then mechanical cleaning of the walls is carried out using special scrapers and brushes, but you cannot use any chemicals that can then get into the water. Cleaned walls must be treated with disinfectants.

After that, garbage and silt are removed from the bottom, all cracks formed in the walls are closed, seams and joints are checked, and they are sealed. Fastening brackets are mounted on concrete rings to prevent them from shifting relative to each other. At the final stage, it is necessary to replace the bottom filter, which is a layer of gravel 15-20 cm thick. Recently, natural adsorbing materials have been used for cleaning and filtering: zeolite, shungite, which are pre-washed and laid on top of the bottom filter with a layer more than 20 cm thick.

The adsorbent can be put without pumping water from the well, just pouring it to the bottom. After that, you can not use the well for 3 days until the suspension settles.

Well water disinfection

This is not the end of the well water treatment process. After the well itself is cleaned and reconstructed, the water in it should be sanitized. You need to disinfect water with a 20% solution of bleach diluted in cold water so that volatile chlorine molecules do not evaporate. The solution needs to settle, then it is filtered and the walls and the bottom of the well are treated with a brush attached to the long handle.

After the well is again filled with water after cleaning, the disinfection must be repeated. For this, a solution of bleach is poured into a well and water is mixed in it with a pole. The water in the well should stand for about a day, so that all microorganisms remaining in the well are killed. Then the water is pumped out and drained, since it cannot be used for drinking or watering. After filling the well with water, you should try water, if the smell of bleach still remains, it should be pumped out again.

The water entering the house from the well must be additionally treated with chlorine to prevent infection. The chlorine concentration in the well water should be 1%, so calculate the volume of water in the well and add the required amount of chlorine to it.

For continuous disinfection of water in a well, you can use chlorine cartridges, which are used to disinfect water in private pools of country houses. This is a porous ceramic container having a cylindrical shape, which is charged once a month with the next portion of calcium hypochloride or bleach. The cartridge is lowered into the well and dosed releases chlorine into the water, not allowing putrefactive bacteria to multiply. If you treat the water in this way, you can clean the well much less frequently.

Since the composition of the groundwater supplying the well is variable, regularly analyze its chemical composition to make sure the quality of the water you drink.